લેખન કાર્યમાં ભૂલોને સુધારવાની જરૂર હોય છે, વ્યવહારમાં તેમજ રોજબરોજ ઉપયોગી લેખન કાર્યમાં જાણે અજાણે ભૂલ થઇ જાય છે. આ પ્રત્યેક વખત લખ્યા પછી એક બે વખત તેને તપાસવું જ પડે છે. અને તે લેખનમાં રહેલી ભૂલોને દૂર કર્યા

પછી જ  error free writing બની શકે. આ ઉદ્દેશ્યને નજર સમક્ષ રાખીને editing  નો વિભાગ અહીં આપવામાં આવ્યો છે.

  અહીં આપેલા ફકરામાં કેટલીક જગ્યાએ ભૂલો હશે. આપેલ writing ને વાંચીને તેમાં રહેલી ભૂલોને દુર કરવાની રહેશે. ભૂલો અલગ અલગ પ્રકારની હોઇ શકે. જે નીચે દર્શાવ્યું  છે. દરેક પ્રકારની ભૂલો દર્શાવવું શક્ય નથી, પરંતુ મહત્વની ભૂલો કેવી હોઈ શકે તે અહી બતાવી છે.

1. એકવચન – બહુવચન (singular – plural) ની ભૂલો :

• Boy કે Boys, child કે children, man કે men, foot કે feet, tooth કે teeth અને એના જેવા કેટલાય શબ્દો, ફકરામાં આવતા context ને  આધારે નક્કી કરવા.

•   કસરત એ. વ. કે  બ. વ.ને આધારે am/is/are કે was/were, do…does , have-has નક્કી કરવા. દા. ત., People are, He does not, Ami goes, We go, Children were, Feet have, etc,

Example :

• Rewrite the following text correcting the underlined words.

I called five boy. They is child. They has toys. It are lovely.

Ans.boys, are, children, have, they

2. Tense ની ભૂલો :

• Change the tense ના chapter માં દર્શાવ્યા મુજબ કાળનો ખ્યાલ રાખી તેમાં રહેલી ભૂલો દૂર કરવી.

• ખાસ કરીને do, does, did તેમજ may, would જેવા કોઈપણ modal સાથે હંમેશા ક્રિયાપદનું મુળ રુપ મુકાય

Example :-

• Rewrite the following text correcting the underlined words.

   We does not likes pollution, It cause many problems. We should opposed it. Because it create many problems.

Ans: do, like, causes, oppose, creates

3.   Article  ની ભૂલો

• સામાન્ય રીતે સ્વરથી ઉચ્ચારતા શબ્દ આગળ ‘an’ અને વ્યંજનથી ઉચ્ચારાતા શબ્દ આગળ *a* આર્ટીકલ આવે. (જાતિ વાચક, એકવચન અને ગણી શકાય તેવા શબ્દો હોવા જોઈએ)

• નિશ્ચિત સ્થાન, બાબત સાથે ‘the’ આર્ટિકલ આવે.

• દુનિયામાં જે એક જ અને અજોડ છે તેની આગળ ‘the’ આર્ટીકલ આવે.

Example :

Rewrite the following text correcting the underlined words.

A  Ramayan is the epic. It is one of a best holy books. Lord rama crossed a Hindu oce went to Lanka. What an great man he is !

Ans: The, an, the, the, a

4. Preposition ની ભૂલો:

 On     – અડીને ઉપર                    over – વધુ ઊંચાઇએ ઉપર       

under – નીચે                             below – લખાણમાં નીચે

behind  – પાછળ                     beside – બાજુમાં

in     – અંદર                             into – બહારથી અંદર પ્રવેશવું /જવું

out   – બહાર                             out of- અંદરથી બહાર

near   – નજીક                           along – બાજુમાં

towards- ની તરફ                       between – વચ્ચે

Example :

• Rewrite the following text correcting the underlined words.

 The book is over the table. The table is____(near, on) the chair. A box is___(towards, under the table. Our teacher enters in the room now. He goes_______( below, towards) the table.

Ans: on, near, under, into, towards

5. Phrase preposition  ની ભૂલો:-

according to -ના મત મુજબ.     Instead of- ને બદલે

on account of, because      with regard to- ને અનુલક્ષીને

of owing to-ના કારણે

in spite of despite – તેમ       in the middle of- ની વચ્ચે

છતાં પણ

with a view to, in order.    On behalf of- ના વતીથી

 to-ના  હેતુથી

Example :

Rewrite the following text correcting the underline words.

_____(According to, On behalf of) Gandhiji truth is God. He was great faith on to truth because his life style. in spite of living an English life he prefers to be simple.

Ans:According to, because of, instead of.

6. Pronoun (સર્વનામ) ની ભૂલો:

કર્તા.                  સબંધક.     કર્મ. Refelective

I                        my/ mine. me.              mysalf    

We.                  Our/ ours.     us. Ourselves

You.                Your/yours.     You. Yourself

You.                Your/yours       you. Yourselves

1.                 his/his.         him. himself

She.               her/hers.         her. herself

they.              their/theirs.         then. themselves

Example :

• Rewrite the following text correcting the bold words.

  I am Sohan. This is me school. These books are our. We clean our school ourself. She is Sanjana. This is his car. She cleans her car herselves. They are ours guest. They do there work themselves.

Ans :- my, ours, ourselves her, herself, our, their.

7. Conjunction (સંયોજક) ની ભૂલો

• and /as well as (અને) વડે બે સમાન બાબતને જોડાય.

He is rich and famous.

• but / yet / still (પરંત)  વડે બે વિરોધી બાબત જોડાય.

He is clever but he failed

• So therefore (તેથી) વડે બે પરિણામ દર્શાવતા વાક્ય જોડાય છે.

He walked fast so he reached early

• because / since / as (કારણ કે) વડે કારણ દર્શાવતા વાક્ય જોડાય છે.

He is late because he missed the bus.

• who ( કે જે) પછી હમેંશા ક્રિયાપદ આવે.

I met him who is a doctor.

• whom (કે જેને) પછી હંમેશા કર્તા (નામ ,સર્વનામ )આવે.

I met him whom you know.

• Whose (કે, જેનું , જેના, જેની, જેનો) સંબંધ દર્શાવે છે.

I met him whose daughter is lost.

Example :

• Rewrite the following text correcting the underlined words.

 Once I met a musician who you know very well. His sister whose was in U.S.A. also came.there. She was clever and not like her brother so she did not have much knowledge about Indian Culture.

Ans:  whom, who, but, because.

8. Indefinite pronoun (અનિશ્ચિત વાચક સર્વનામ ની ભૂલો):-

some -થોડુક ,થોડાક

much – વધારે (જથ્થો દર્શાવે)

many – વધારે (ગણી શકાય તેવા હોય તો)

the rest –  બાકીના

Example:

1.some  friends are here, the rest are there.

2. I bought much ghee and many bananas.

•   few- થોડાક (નહિવતના  અર્થમાં વપરાય છે, સામાન્ય રીતે તેનો નેગેટીવ અર્થ હોય છે. ગણી શકાય તેવા નામ આગળ વપરાય છે.)

Example : He is new here, he was few friends.

• a few – થોડાક (ગણી શકાય તેવા નામ આગળ વપરાય.positive અર્થ દર્શાવે છે.)

Example: I have a few friends in Ahmedabad.

• Little, a little (થોડુંક) બંને જથ્થા વાચક નામ આગળ આવે પરંતુ little નેગેટિવ અર્થ દર્શાવે છે. જ્યારે a little એ અર્થ દર્શાવે છે.

Example : There is little milk so don’t make tea.

Please use a little milk and make tea.

• anybody ( કોઈપણ ), anything (કંઈ પણ), any time (ગમે ત્યારે), any where (ગમે ત્યાં).

Example: You can take anything from the market.

Please send anybody/ anyone to my office.

You can come at any time.

• somebody (કોઈએક), something (કંઈક), some time (ક્યારેય), somewhere (ક્યાંક).

Example : Please send ‍ somebody who is clever.

Ami, please do something to help me.

Oh ! I will come sometime!

Boby, look under the table. It may be somewhere there.

• no body (કોઈ નહીં), nothing (કંઈ નહીં), no where (ક્યાંય નહીં).

Example : Don’t wait, no body will come.

I tried to find but it is nowhere here.

You will lose, there is nothing in the matter.

•   each other – (એક બીજાને) જો બે જ વ્યક્તિ એક બીજાને મદદ કરે તો.

one another – (એક બીજાને) જો બે કરતાં વધારે વ્યક્તિ એક બીજાને મદદ કરે તો.

between – જયારે બે વ્યક્તિ વચ્ચે વસ્તુ વહેંચવાની હોય તો

among – જ્યારે બે કરતાં વધુ વ્યક્તિ વચ્ચે કોઈ વસ્તુ વહેંચવાની હોય તો.

Example : Ram and Shyam help each other.

               All my friends help, one another.

               I distributed flowers between Ram and Shyam.

              I distributed flower among students.

• all (બધા), each (દરેક), every (પ્રત્યેક), none (કોઈ નહીં), both (બંને).
• all અને both બહુવચનમાં આવે જ્યારે each, every, none  હંમેશા એક વચનમાં આવે.

Example : He called all and gives each of them a pen.

None of the boys is late.All come on time.

Both the girls are lazy. None of them stood to start the fan

Every boy is given a school bag.

• Since અે સમયનું બિંદુ  point of timeદર્શાવે છે જ્યારે એ સમયનો ગાળો (period of time)દર્શાવે છે. ચોક્કસ દિવસ, મહિનો, વાર, સમય, તારીખ સાથે since આવે.

પાંચ મિનિટ , એક વર્ષ , બે દિવસ, જેવા સમયનો ગાળો દર્શાવવા for આવે.

Example : I have been here Since Monday.

                 I have been here for a last week.

Example :

• Rewrite the following text correcting the underlined words.

  As Raju is new here he has few friends, His every friends welcome him. Once they went to  Big Bazaar. They brought much clothes and they distributed between them Raju and Anju are fast friends. They always help one another.

Ans:   a few, all, many, among each other.

1. કેટલાક સંયોજકો/  શબ્દ સમૂહ હમેંશા pair માં જ વપરાતા હોય છે.

1. Such ………as

He is such a man as you like.

2 The same………as

I saw the same pen as you bought.

3. So…that

He walks so fast that I can’t follow.

4.Neither …..nor

He likes neither  Ami nor Maya.

5. Either …….or

Either I or he will come.

6. Both….. .and

I will go both to Abu and to Ambaji.

7. Hardly ….when

Hardly had I come when you called me

8.No sooner…Than

No sonner did I come than you called me.

9.નકાર વિધાન સાથે ……… but

I call none but Ajay.

Example :

Rewrite the following text correcting the underlined words:

   Hardly had l seen him them I  informed you. He was wearing the same the same dress that you have. He walked so fast as nobody could follow her. You both are same lazy that either of you come here to welcome us.

Ans. when, as, that, so, neither.

10. Spelling ની ભૂલો :-

કેટલાક Spelling સરખા જેવા હોય છે તેની પણ ભૂલો હોવી જોઈએ.

quiet – quite             from-form           deer dear

piece – peace.       accept – except, expect        center – centre

whole – hole.            leave live             palace – place

Example :

• Rewrite the following text correcting the underlined words.

  It is quite impossible that you can’t feel you from. Deer friends you have to leave long so live in peace and except my advice.

Ans. quite, fill, form, dear, live, peace, accept.

11. Question tag ની ભૂલો :- 

 વક્તા પોતાની રજૂઆત ને ધારદાર બનાવવા  Question નો ઉપયોગ કરે છે.

Example:-

1. He is regular….……… isn’t he?

2. I am busy……………. aren’t I?

3. We can do it………. can’t we?

4. We can not forgive……….can we?

5. Asha is busy…………… isn’t she?

6. Tara will come……. won’t she ?

7. This was not cheap………..was it?

8. These are beautiful flowers……….aren’t they?

9. I play tennis…..,……..don’t I ?

10. She plays a game…………doesn’t she?

11. Arti played a game…………..didn’t she ?

ઉપર દર્શાવ્યા મુજબ જો statement હકાર હોય તો  question tag નકાર 

અને statement નકાર હોય તો question tag હકાર હોય છે.

Question tag હંમેશા  short forms દ્વારા લખાય છે.

Example :

•   Rewrite the following text correcting the underlined words.

  I think that you should be regular, should you? I ask you to help me, doesn’t you?

Ans:-   Shouldn’t you ?, don’t I ?

નોંધ: ઉપર દર્શાવ્યા ઉપરાંત  capital letter, cardinal/ordinal numbers

તેમજ ગ્રામરમાં આવતા reported speech, word building અને બીજા અન્ય ક્ષેત્રની પણ ભૂલો હોઈ શકે. શાંતિથી વાંચીને દરેક ભૂલ સુધારવી.

26. I visited him on   the hospital the night after he died. Inspite of desperately ill, he was as fool of plans for the future but he had been all his life.

27. We went for a walk in the evening. After a while, Shiv was too tired that walk further. He had the two hire a cab. Fortunately, none had any money but we had forgotten even to bring any ATM card with us.

28. It gives a sign of mentality stress present in you. The best you deal with stress, less you mental ability will be affected. The following exercises will help you build better stress resilience and rebalance yourself but your mental capacity has already started to suffer due of stress.

29. Imagine projecting the situation onto a screen with your mind if it were a film you were watched. Include only when has really happened not what you are afraid might happen.

30. I was late coming bake home, and I did feel quite unburdened and a lot less worried by what Dr.Kamble had said. I thought the way Nana had made his adjustments to Nani, we to make adjustments with him.

31. The policemen was called to SBI yesterday. The bank was robbed at 2.30 p.m. A big amount was looted. No customer were hurt but one robber was shot by police. Later, several customer were interviewed about the robbery.

32. Clues had been investigate. Some fingerprints were also founded at the bank. Some images of the robbers were captured above CCTV cameras. The officers for the police department are investigating the case well.

33.That check did not get cleared. It was drow to be in flavour of her friend. Arti had sufficient balance in her bank account.

34. Mr White searched frantically for the monkey’s paw, fearful of which was likely to happen. As he hear the chain rattle back still the bottom bolt drawing slowly and softly from the socket, he found the paw and made his the third but last wish.

35.Himalay said that he was very sorry but he could not attend the sells conference on Monday. He was leaving from Delhi that evening and would not be back till Wednesday. He wondered unless Dipak could go to the sales conference instead.

               ★     BOARD EXAM QUESTION ★

MARCH-2010

1.It was one of the cold autumn nights. The old banker was remembering how, fifteen years after, he had given a party in a similar autumn evening. Very few garden parties in that village have been so gorgeous than that one. Many intellectuals were presence and their had been interesting

conversations. Between other things, they had a lively discussion at major punishment. Most of the guest disap- proved of the death penalty.

JULY-2010

2.Ashok and his mighty victory  army returned home again when Ashok was bake in his place, he sent from his chief and his warlords, his counselors and his man of state and standing upon before them, he said. “I have sin the horrors of victory. I shall not draw the sword again expect to defence my country 

in favour of  invasion.”

JULY-2011

3.Almost a week had passed for I had got Susie’s letter. It was Friday and I had a Geography test this afternoon. I sat revise my lessons below the gulmohar tree. The chrysanthemums and dahlias were in ful bloom. Then suddenly, the little yellow butterfly hovered around me and finally perched lightly in my leg stretched out in front of me. I became absolutely still. It moved it’s wings daintily for a movement  and than flew off.

MARCH-2012

4.We visited the science sity(city, sity) who (who, which) is situated on (on, in) Ahmedabad next ( next last) Sunday. We riched (reached, Riched) there at 2:30 a.m. (a.m., p.m.) in the afternoon. We enjoyed the uthrills (thrills, thrills) ride. We also show (Saw, show) a (a, an) animation film. We also enjoyed

the music of the mucical (musical, musical) fountain.

MARCH 2013

5. Once there was an Arab which owned a very fine horse. The Arab treated him with care and kindly,One day the Arab attacked by some robbers. He fall of the horse. He was so serious wounded if he was not able to get up. His horse saw this. He cought his master’s belt amonge his teeth and brought his home. People praised all, the horse and his master.

MARCH 2014

6.Many years before in Kerala once there lived a king whom name was king mahabali. He loves his people very much people loved him as many as they loved the God. The worshipping him like God. Though the Gods didn’t like this, still  they drove him out. The king went to the gods and asked them to allow him meeting his people once.

JULY-2014

7.A Greek slave named Aesop bought together a collection of stories. Today we know it as Aesop’s Fables. One of the fable deals with a dispute among the sun and the wind. The dispute was over which of the two were the stronger. One day opportunity arise to settle the dispute. A person dressed in a cot  was walking down a deserted country rode.The sun sad

to the wind,” whoever makes the person remove it faster will

be the winner.”

MARCH-2015

8. I want too become a shoulder. I have joint N.C.C. from class VIII only. so. I have a good physics and I want to serve my country on future. I no that his life is fool of risk and challenges. I like to take up challenges, but try to overcome them.

JULY-2015

9.The birth centenary of sardar Vallabhbhai Patel was celebrating  here yesterday for great enthusiastie. as a part of celebration, a blood donation camp was jointly organized by the youth club and the red cross society over the local hospital. In three hour nearly 120 bottles of blood are gathered. The donors were given out the certificates on the hands of the chief guest.

MARCH 2016

10. From than on I mate Mr. Franks every day Wednesday. Wednesday was my day of from the school hostel. I would spend the morning on Susie’s and after lunch, I’d walk down in the home. He would be relaxing on his tiny dolls home garden.

MARCH-2017

11. The possibility of the( 36) gust of wind break(37) the image was to(38) remote, Gobinda think (39).But the image had been place(40) very close to the open window, only a metre away. He had shifted the image oneself (41), deliberate(42) in order to(43) much(44) light would be available on(45) his

work.

MARCH-2018

12. As the methods of autofab advanse, the form of raw materials will be unimportant. Sophisticated autofab machines would be capable in rearranging molecular structures to generate many objects from them.

MARCH-2019

13. Isamu,Akasaki, Hiroshi Amano and Shuji Nakamura were awarded the Nobel prize for inventing a new energy – efficient and environment friendly light source. White LED lamps produce bright white light.We should use LED light to save

electricity.

                  ANSWERS – EXERCISES

           :  ANSWERS – EXERCISE -1:

1. as if.                 11.prey     21.an                                                    

2. boys.                 12.the.   22.whi

3. palace.              13.as.     23.since

4. won’t I?             14.such..as. 24.why

5. so.                    15. Of.   25.anyone

6. such…as.          16.according to. 26.same.as

7. however.          17.when.     27.each

8. taller.                18.best. 28.according     

9. in order to        19.is.       29.where

10. not only..        20.little.     30.no sooner..than

 but also

 

31.so that.                      41. So that 

32.as.                             42.instead of

33.meal.                        43.aren’t I?

34.children.                   44.advise

35.the rest.                    45.the

36.with a view to.          46.than

37.so..that.                    47.shall we

 

38.such..as.                  48. Whose

39.as if.                        49.in spite of

40.Neither..nor.            50. Such.. as

      

    :  ANSWERS – EXERCISE – 2

1 who, ants, where, for

2. at, saw, an, was driven

3.soldiers, helped, the, injustice

4. strong enough, brought up, feel, unless

5. which, in, last, reached, at

6. from, for, was given, her

7 ago, once, whose, king Mahabali

8. sun, if, using, Its

9. upon, sleeping, elder, to save

10. weeping, because, would, her

11. too, for, an, exciting

12. the, who, Venice, prosperous

13. are, as, him, to solve

14. best, avoiding, how, much

15. than, I, rich enough, an

16. model, doesn’t, planes, sale

17. On, listening, complaints, show

18. crossing, because, weak were

19. the, Everybody, to help, do

20. However, anything, take, on

21. become, suggests join, then

22. leave, bye, seat, to touch

23. an, where, constantly, found

24. best to, when, pool

25. with a view to, who, saw, same

26. at, before, full

27. to, to, Unfortunately, and

28. mental, better, the less

29. in, as if, watching, what

30. back, but, with, too

31. policeman, robbed, was, customers

32. investigated, found, over, from

33. cheque, get, drawn, insufficient

34. what, heard, and, and

35. because, sales, for, if

• ANSWERS : BOARD QUESTION•

1.It was one of the hot  autumn nights. The old banker was remembering how, fifteen years before, he had given a  party on a similar autumn evening. Very few garden parties in that village had beenbso gorgeous as that one. Many intellectuals were present and there had been interesting conversations.

Among other things, they had a lively discussion on major punishment. Most of the guests disapproved of the death penalty.

2.Ashok and his mighty victorious army returned home again when Ashok was back in his palace, he sent for his chief and his warlords, his counselor and his men of state and standing up before them, he said, ” I have seen the horrors of victory. I shall not draw the sword again except to defendvmy country against invasion.”

3.Almost a week had passed since I had got Susie’s letter. It was Friday and I had a Geography test that  afternoon. I sat revising my lessons under the gulmohar tree. The chrysanthemums and dahlias were in full bloom. Then suddenly, a little yellow butterfly hovered around me and finally perched lightly on my leg stretched out in front of me. I became absolutely still. It moved it’s wings daintiny for a moment  and then flew off.

4.We visited the science City which is situated in Ahmedabad last Sunday. We reached there at 2:30 p.m. in the afternoon. We enjoyed the thrill  ride. We also saw an animation film. We also enjoyed the music of the musical fountains.

5.Once there was an Arab who owned a very fine horse. The Arab treated him with care and kindness,One day the Arab was attacked by some robbers. He fell from of the horse. He was so seriously wounded that he was not able to get up. His horse saw this. He caught his master’s belt with his teeth and brought him home. People praised both, the horse and his master.

6.Many years ago in Kerala once there lived a king whose name was King Mahsbsli He loved his people very much. people loved him as much as they loved the God. The worshipped him like God. But the Gods didn’t like this, so they drove him out. The king went to the gods and requested

them to allow him to meet his people once.

7. A Greek slave named Aesop brought together a collection of stories. Today we know them as Aesop’s Fables. One of the fables deals with a dispute between the sun and the wind. The dispute was over which of the two was the stronger. One day an opportunity arose to settle the dispute. A person

dressed in a coat was walking down a deserted country road. The sun said to the wind, “whoever makes the person remove it faster will be the winner.”

8.I  Want to  become a soldier. I have joined N.C.C. from class VIII only. So that I have a good physique and I want to serve my country in future. I know that his life is full of risk and challenges. I like to take up challenges, and try to overcome them.

9.The birth centenary of sardar Vallabhbhai Patel was celebrated  here yesterday with  great enthusiasm. as a part of celebration, a blood donation camp was jointly organized by the youth club and red cross society at the local hospital. In three hours nearly 120 units of blood were gathered.  The

donors were given away the certificates by the hands of the chief guest.

10. From then on I met Mr. Franks every Wednesday. Wednesday was my day off from the school hostel. I would spend the morning at Susie’s and after lunch, I’d walk down to the Home. He would be relaxing in his tiny doll’s home garden.

11. The possibility of a gust of wind breaking the image was too remote, Gobinda though. But the image had been placed very close to the open window, only a metre away. He had shifted the image himself,deliberately in order that more light would be available for his work.

12. As the methods of autofab advance, the form of raw materials will be unimportant. Sophisticated autofab machines wiil be capable of rearranging molecular structures to generate any object from them.

13.   • Who was/were awarded the Nobel prize for inventing a new energy-efficient and environment friendly light source?

• What do white LED lamps produce?

• Why should we use LED light?

Brevity is the soul of writing. Writing ને જેટલું સંક્ષિપ્ત માં લખવામાં આવે તેટલી  Writing skill વધુ સારી કહેવાય. અંગ્રેજી ભાષા પર જેટલું પ્રભુત્વ વધતું જાય તેમ તેમ આ બાબત પર પ્રભુત્વ આવતું જાય છે. મિત્રો, વિવિધ સંયોજકો તેમજ વાક્ય ૨ચનાઓનું જ્ઞાન જેટલું વધારે હશે તેટલો સારો દેખાવ તમે આ પ્રકરણમાં કરી શકશો.

• આ પ્રશ્ન માં તમને ચાર વિધાનો આપ્યા હશે. તમારે યોગ્ય સંયોજકનો ઉપયોગ કરીને આ ચાર વાક્યોનું એક અર્થપૂર્ણ વાક્યમાં રૂપાંતર કરવાનું છે. આપણને ઉપયોગમાં આવતા સંયોજકો , વાક્ય રચનાઓનો ખ્યાલ ઉદાહરણ સાથે નીચે દર્શાવવામાં આવ્યો છે. કેટલીક બાબતોનું પુનરાવર્તન અહીં થશે.

1.SIMPLE   SENTENCE.

આ પ્રકારમાં બે કે તેથી વધુ વાક્યોને કોઈ પણ conjunction (સંયોજક) ના ઉપયોગ કર્યા વગર ,  adjective (વિશેષણ) phrase (શબ્દ સમૂહ) નો ઉપયોગ કરીને જોડવામાં આવે છે. દા.ત.

(1) I bought a pen. It is a new pen.

     I bought a new pen.

(2) The book is on the table. It has pictures.

The book on the table has pictures.

(3) The boy looked at me. He went out.

     Looking at me, the boy went out.

(જ્યારે એક ક્રિયા પછી તરત જ બીજી ક્રિયા થાય ત્યારે)

(4) My pen is broken. I can not write

  I can not write with my broken pen.

(5) I saw a bird. It had long wings.

    I saw a bird with long wings.

(6) He worked hard. He did not pass.

Inspite of working hard, he did not pass.

(જ્યારે બંને વાક્ય વિરોધી અર્થ ધરાવે ત્યારે )

(7) Mira was ill. She did not go to school.

    Mira did not go to school, because of / due to her illness.

(જયારે કારણ દર્શાવવાના હોય ત્યારે)

(8) He went U.S.A. He want to earn money.

    We went U.S.A. to / in order to earn money.

(હેતુ દર્શાવવાનો હોય ત્યારે infinitive ના ઉપયોગ દ્વારા)

(9)Rabindranath Tagore was a great poet, He won the Nobel Prize.

Rabindranath Tagore, a great poet won the Nobel Prize.

(10) She answered me. Her answer was correct.

   She answered me correctly.

(11) The question paper was very lengthy. The students could not complete it in time.

  The question paper was too lengthy for the students to     complete.

(12) The television was very cheap. Everyone could buy it.

   The television was cheap enough to buy.

(Adj/ Adv ની અતિશયોક્તિ / વધારેપણું દર્શાવવા too/ enough નો ઉપયોગ થાય.)

Exercise-1 : Join the following sentences and make one meaningful sentence.

1. Arpan did his homework. He went out.

2. The typist typed all the letters. He put them before the manager to sign.

3. Mr. Raval finished his lecture. He left the class.

4. We shall visit Manali then we shall go to Shimala.

5. Kavya takes her breakfast. she goes to school.

6. Mann will go to Canada. He wants to earn much money

7. Anil shifted to Gandhinagar. He wanted to live peaceful life.

8. Jhanvi studies hard. She has to stand first in the class.

9.Khushi goes to Mansa every week. She likes to attend Dhyan yog.

10. Dhananjay went to Manvi’s school. He wanted to meet her class teacher.

11. It is too hot. You should not go out.

12. The watch is very costly. I cannot buy it.

13. This sum is very easy. You can solve it easily.

14. The box is light enough. Raj can lift it.

15. Jay walked very fast. He could catch the train.

16. Dhiren went to Delhi. He went there by plane.

17. I saw a big bird. It had wide wings.

18. Sameer brought a nice car. He brought it for Janu.

19. Dhruvi could not attend the function. She was ill.

20. Gandhiji said this. The truth is the God.

21. Aayushi gave me a gift. It is very costly.

22. Gunjan has a car. It is red.

23. Madhuri Dixit is an actress. She is very charming.

24. The thief saw the police. He ran away.

25. Kohli declared the innings. He went to the dressing room.

2. COMPOUND SENTENCE

આ પ્રકારના બે કે તેથી વધુ વાક્યોને  and, but, or કે જેવા conjunction 

(સંયોજક) વડે જોડવામાં આવે છે.

(1)and : અને / અને પછી

(i)Ritu got up. She went out.

   Ritu got up  and went out.

(ii) Raju went Ambaji. Nitu went Ambaji.

      Raju and  Nitu went Ambaji.

(iii) Sohil opened a new shop. He sold electronic items.

Sohil opened a new shop and sold electronic items.

Note : એક જ પ્રકારના અર્થ , ક્રિયા , ભાવ દર્શાવતા શબ્દોને/ વાક્યોને ‘ and’

 વડે જોડાય. and ને સ્થાને as well as , not only.but also તેમજ both…and જેવા સંયોજક નો ઉપયોગ પણ કરી શકાય.

(2) but : પરંતુ

(i) He works hard. He can not get result.

He works hard but he can not get result.

(ii) He is on time. No body trusts him.

He is on time but no body trusts him.

Note: but ને સ્થાને yet તેમજ still મૂકી શકાય.બંને વાક્ય વિરોધી ભાવ દર્શાવતો એવા વાક્યોને but/yet/still વડે જોડાય.

(3) Or અથવા/નહિતર.

(i) Hurry up. You will miss the class.

Hurry up or you will miss the class.

(ii) He will come today. He will come tomorrow.

He will come today or  tomorrow.

(iii) I will come. Kinju will come.

      I or Kinju will come.

Note : બે માંથી એક એવો અર્થ સૂચવતા વાક્યને or વડે જોડાય. or ને સ્થાને otherwise, either.or કે  neither, nor જેવા conjunction નો ઉપયોગ કરી શકાય.

(4) So : તેથી

(i) He is weak. He won’t come.

    He is weak so he won’t come.

(ii) Raju is absent. I will teach you,

Raju is absent so I will teach you,

Note: એક વાક્યનું પરિણામ બીજું વાક્ય દર્શાવતું હોય ત્યારે વાક્યને‘so’ સંયોજક વડે જોડી શકાય.so  ને બદલે ‘therefore ’ સંયોજકનો ઉપયોગ કરી શકાય.

EXERCISE-2

(A) Fill in the blanks with proper conjunctions from those given below.

1. Both Ajay____ Axay are superstars.[ and , but, or]

2. Do it sincerely____ leave it soon.[and, but, or]

3. Bhagat Singh opposed the Britishers____ he was punished.

                                                            [but,or,so]

4.____Raj ____Jay got better result because of their carelessness.    [either.or,neither.nor, not only..but also]

5. Jhanvi is clever___ intelligent.[and,but,so]

6. Kavya does not study hard___ she gets good result.

                                                                [and, but, or]

7. Khushi will visit Goa____ Bheda Ghat [and, but, so]

8. Hurry up____ you will miss the bus. [and, but, or]

9. Riddhi may come today____ tomorrow. [and, but, or]

10. Vaidehi always speaks the truth_____ nobody trusts her.

                                                         [yet, otherwise, so]

11. Tanuja is not very rich____she is always ready to help the poor.                                         [yet, otherwise, so]

12. Mita got ready_____went out. [and, or, so]

13. Atharva is ill_____he will not attend the function.

                                             [but, or, so]

14. Mr. Modi addressed the meeting____ left for Delhi.

                                                    [and, but, or]

15. I like___tea___coffee. Please, give me cold drink.

                           [either..or, neither..nor, not only…but also)

16._____ obey me___ leave the class. [either.or, neither.nor,           not only.but also]

17. Pratham is weak____he can lift this heavy box.

                                       [yet,  otherwise, neither.nor]

18. Sanjana looks tall_____beautiful [and,but ,or]

19. You are late____you will be punished. [but,or,so]

20. Madhuri called me____ I did not look at her.[but,or,so]

21.______I___My brother will attend the meeting. We both can’t.                      [either.or, neither.nor, not only…but]

22. Mohan is miser. He helps____the poor____the needy.

                      [either.or, neither.nor, not only..but also]

23. Work hard___you Wii fail. [and,but, otherwise]

24. Bobby studies hard____he stood first in the class.[but,or,so]

25.Anil_____Vishwas are close friends.[and,but,or]

3.COMPLEX SENTENCE

આ પ્રકારના વિધાનમાં વિવિધ વાક્યોને adjective clause, adverb clause, ના  ઉપયોગ વડે જોડવામાં આવે છે. વિવિધ પ્રકારના sub-ordinate conjunctions જેવા who, whose, whom, which‌ why, though, what, as, that, because, so that વગેરે નો ઉપયોગ કરીને બે કે તેથી વધુ વાક્યોને  complex sentence માં ફેરવીને એક વાક્ય બનાવાય છે.

(1)Who: કે જે (બીજા વાક્યમાં આવતા કર્તાને સ્થાને આવે) (કર્તા વિભક્તિ નો . સ. ના. He,She, They ના સ્થાને)

(i) He met a man. He is a doctor.

He met a man who is a doctor

(ii) I called Ajay. He is a teacher

I called Ajay whois a teacher:

(2) Whom : કે જે ને (બીજા વાક્યમાં આવતા કર્મ him,her,them  ને સ્થાને આવે.)

(i) Do you know Ashish. You met him yesterday.

Do you know Ashish whom you met yesterday.

(ii) Ishita met a man. She knew him very well

Ishita met a man whom she knows very well.

(3)Whose : કે જેનો, જેની, જેનું, જેના (બીજા વાક્યમાં આવતા સંબધક વિભક્તિ  his, her, their ને સ્થાને આવે)

(i) Meet Keyur. His paintings are famous

Meet Keyur whose  paintings are famous

(ii) Do you know Dr. Joshi. His articles are published today ?

Do you know Dr. Joshi whose articles are published today ?

(4)Which : કે જે ( સામાન્ય રીતે નિર્જીવ/ પ્રાણી માટે વપરાય) બીજા વાક્યના કર્તા  It ના સ્થાને પણ આવી શકે.

(i) I have a pen. It is made in Japan.

I have a pen which is made in Japan.

(ii)Ishita doesn’t know the matter. It is known to everybody.

Ishita doesn’t know the matter which is known to everybody.

(5) That : (કે)

(i) I know the fact. He is clever.

  I know the fact that he is clever.

(ii) She is a gold medalist. I believe so.

I believe that she is gold medalist.

(ii) He is regular. All know this.

All know that he is regular.

(6) How : (કેવી રીતે)

(i)Every body knows. He passed exam.

Every body knows how he passed exam.

(ii) I don’t know. I should tackle the issue.

I don’t know how I should tackle the issue.

(7) Where: કે જ્યાં ( સ્થળ દર્શાવવા , વાક્ય જોડવા માટે વપરાય)

(i)It is Porbandar. Gandhiji was born here.

It is Porbandar where Gandhiji was born.

(ii) Where has she gone ? I don’t know it.

I don’t know where she has gone.

(8) When : જ્યારે( સમય દર્શાવવા વાક્ય જોડવા માટે વપરાય)

(i) You came to my home. My mother called me.

When you came to my home, my mother called me.

(ii) The bell rang. The new period started.

When the bell rang, the new period started.

Note : when સ્થાને  as soon as, No sooner…than તેમજ Hardly…when જેવા સંયોજક પણ ઉપયોગમાં લેવાય.

Example : The thief saw the police he escaped.

• No sooner did the thief see the police than the thief escaped.

• As soon as the thief saw the police, he escaped.

• Hardly had the thief seen the police when the thief escaped.

(9)If / Unless : (જો..તો)(શરત દર્શક વાક્ય બનાવવા માટે If કે unless વપરાય.)

(i) You come to my home I will give you party,

If  you come to my home, I will give you party

(ii) You work hard. You will be rewarded.

If you work hard, you will be rewarded.

(10) Though :તેમ છતાં ( બંને વાક્યો વિરોધી ભાવ દર્શાવતા હોય તેવા વાક્યો  though વડે જોડાય)

(i) He works hard. He fails twice.

Though he works hard, he fails twice.

(ii)He is on time. Nobody trusts him.

Though he is on time, nobody trusts him.

(11) Because : કારણ કે (since, as, for) વડે પણ જોડી શકાય.

(i)He will not come. He is ill.

  He will not come because he is ill.

(ii) The boy was drowned. He could not swim.

The boy was drowned because he could not swim.

Note : Because ને સ્થાને  since કે as સંયોજક મૂકી શકાય.

(12) Why : શા માટે ( કારણ દર્શાવવા)

(i) I don’t know. He is late.

I don’t know why he is late.

(ii) Do you know the reason. He does not come now-a-days.

Do you know the reason why he does not come now a days.

  બે વાક્યોને  ઉપર દર્શાવવા પ્રમાણે simple, compound અને complex sentence  બનાવીને જોડી શકાય. વિવિધ conjunctions (સંયોજક )ની ઉદાહરણ સાથે સમજૂતી મેળવ્યા પછી બે થી વધારે વાક્યોને કેવી રીતે જોડી શકાય તે બાબતની ઉદાહરણ સાથે Exercise નીચે દર્શાવવામાં આવી છે.

EXERCISE-3

Fill in the blanks with the words given in the bracket below.

1._____Ramukaka is old, he is healthy.[though, because, why]

2. Kavya is the girl____ is very obedient.[who, whom, whose]

3. Ajay is the boy____ the teacher honoured.[who, whom, whose]

4. Call the student____ father is a doctor..[who, whom, whose]

5. I always use the things____are made in India.

                                           [whose, which, who]

6. All_____glitters is not gold.[which, that, how]

7. The mechanic explained___the machine works.

                                                    [which, that, how]

    

8. Karamsad is the place___ Sardar Patel was born.

                                                [how, where, when] 

9. May is the month_____ we have a vacation.

                                          [how, where, when] 

10.____you work hard, you will achieve everything.

                                               [if, unless, though]

11.____one obeys his parents, he will be unhappy in life.

                                                     [if, unless, though]

12. Chintan was punished_____ he misbehaved in the class.

                                                           [though, because,why]

13. Nobody knows the reason_____;Apurva is crying now.

                                                [ though, because,why]

14.____Dhiren earns much, he does not spend much.

                                                  [ though, because,why]

 

15. Do you know the city____Arunima was born?

                                            [how, where, when]

16. Tell me the time____ the Ashram Express arrives.

                                                     [how, where, when]

17.___Raj does not speak the truth, he will be scolded.                                                                                    

                                                         [though, since, why]

18. Virat Kohli is the player___’ got the Arjun Award’ last year.       

                                                         [who, whom, whose]

19. A girl met me____ purse was stolen. [who, whom, whose]

20. Do you know the person____you met before some time?     

                                                          [who, whom, whose]

21. Repair the chair of_____ leg is broken. 

                                 [whom, whose, which]

22. The manager announced_____ it would be a holiday the next day.                                               [which, that, how]

23. Stop the baby____is crying.[who, whom, whose]

24.I won’t eat this fruit ___it is very bitter.

                             [though, because, why]

25. _______Rohit was late, he was permitted to enter the exam hall.                            [though, because, why]

EXERCISES-4

Join the following Sentences.

1. Anil visited Somnath. He then visited Dwarka.

                                            [both.. and,but,or]

2. Manan appeared in competitive exam. He was selected as junior Engineer.                          [and, but, or]

3.Krutarth appeared in the exam. He failed. [and, but, or]

4.Mary Kom won the gold medal. She was awarded by the government. [but, or, so]

5. The critic said much about the owl. Nobody paid attention to him. [and, but, or]

6. Sit quietly. Go out. [and, but, or]

7.Arpan does not take tea. He does not take coffee.

[either..or, neither nor, and]

8. My father did not meet the principal. He also did not meet my class teacher. [either.or, neither..nor, but]

9. Kavya is clever. She is hardworking.[and, but,or]

10. Work hard. You will not get good result..[and, but,or]

11. Give me a pen. Give me a pencil.[either.or, neither.nor, but]

12. Milkha Singh tried hard. He could not secure the first place.

[and, but, or]

13. Lajja Goswami targeted the perfect aim. She got the gold medal. [but, or so]

14. Virendra got up early. He missed the bus. (and, but, or]

15. Riya will stand first. Richa will stand first.

(either.or, neither.. nor, and]

16. Khushi went to the temple. She bowed down before the Lord Shiva. [and, but, or]

17. You are late. You will not be allowed to enter.[but,or,so]

18. This dress is very costly. Kunjan will buy it.[and,but, or]

19. Shlok does not obey his parents. He does not obey his teachers. [either…or, neither..nor,so]

20. Our players played well. We lost the match.[and,but,or]

21. Our team performed well. We won the match.

 [and, but,or]

22. Dhananjay is very obedient. He always observes the traffic rules. [but, or, so]

23. The principal will give prizes. The chief guest will give

prizes.  (either..or, neither.nor otherwise] 

24. Mr. Pancholi finished his lecture. He left the hall.

[and, but, or]

25. Don’t misbehave. I will punish you, [and, but, or]

26. Narendra Modi is the prime minister. People love him very much. [who, whom, whose]

27. The police caught the thief. He had stolen Mrs. Mehra’s purse. (who, whom, whose]

28 Nilesh is a boy. His father is a millionaire.

[who, whom, whose]

29. Ragini spoke the truth. Nobody believed her.

(though, because why]

30. Shakti was arrested. He had committed a serious crime.

[though, because, why]

31. All the students want to know. This machine works wonderfully.[that,how, where]

32. Do you know? Mary Kom was Bom. [that, how, where]

33. Meet Mr. Piccasso. His paintings are very famous worldwide.[who, Whom, whose]

34. Do you recognize Mr. Tarak Mehta? His serial is very popular now a days.[ who, whom ,whose]

35. Nobody Knows the fact. His father is an M.LA

[that,how, where]

36. Lajja Goswami is a gold medalist I believe so.

[that,how, where]

37. Darpan is very irregular. All know this.[that,how, where]

38. We are eager to know. He passed exam.[that,how, where]

39. Khushi does not understand. She should tackle this issue.

      [ that,how, where]

40. The bell rang. The new period started.

[ were, when,if]

41. It is kirti Mandir Gandhiji was born here.

[how,were, when]

42. Jhanvi comes to my house. I will give her a party.

[if, because,why]

43. Pujan will not come. He is ill.[though, because, why]

44. Do you know the reason? He comes here every day.

  [ though, because, why]

45. The guard blew the whistle. The train started.

      [how, where, when]

46. You work hard. You will not be rewarded.

[if, unless, because]

47. The teacher caught the boy. He was coping in the exam.

      [who, whom, whose]

    

48. The girl is crying. Her purse has been stolen.

     [who, whom, whose]

 

49. Riddhi told me. Dharavi had got the distinction marks.

      [whose, which, that]

50. Vaidehi deposited money. She wanted to join the school four.[ though, because, why]

MIXED EXERCISES

Join the following sentences.

1. The message says this. It will re-install for the life of your heart. The message will see on your mobilebscreen Do you see that message.

2.   Love will automatically erase PAST HURT EXE. Love will erase it from your current operatin system  will no longer disrupt other programme. It will happen as soon as you open

the file.

3.   Walt Disney studied cartooning. He studied in Chicago. Walt was 21. He started animated cartoon company.

4.   Mickey Mouse celebrated his 40th birthday in 1968. A quarter of a people had seen Disney Movie. 100 million watched Disney TV show. A billion read a Disney book or magazine. Almost ten million visited Disneyland.

5.   Walt did all the animation. The Alice cartoons didn’t make much. Walt started a new series called Oswald the Rabbit. I realize it.

6.   Walt’s influence lingers like a living presence. Everybody feels his present in studio, It will continue for many years. Walt is no more.

7. My brother was imaginative. He was creative and industrious. He left many projects in progress. He did it to keep the rest of us busy for many years.

  

8. Mind, emotions and body are closely interlinked. They always work together. If you try to observe about it. You will find this.

9. You start lots of things. You don’t finish any. You start thinking about probable worry and get panic.

10. Deal with your stress in better way. Your mental capacity will be less affected. Build up better stress management. You will be free then.

11. I walked in to Nana’s room. I wanted to wake him up. I found that he was sleeping. Nana was sleeping in Nani’s bed.

12. I lifted the bl;anket. I wanted to wake him up. I was stunned. I saw that Naina was sleeping in Nani’s dhoti and blouse

  13.Dr Kamble invited me. He called me in. Dr Kamble fortified my frayed nerves.He gave me a sutiff peg of whiskey.

 14.Nani passed away. Nana was very old and weak. Nana would find something to cavil at Nani did.BHe would keep quibbling with her. Nana supposed that Nani was alive.

15. I was getting worried about Nana. I called my friend. His name was Dr K.D.Kamble. He was a psychiatrist.

16. The villagers of Africa tell us stories. They tell us story about babies. Babies have been eaten by ants. These ants are driver ants of Africa.

17. There are African ants. They are completely blind. They march in long lines. They devour any animals that happen to be in their path.

18. Ants are intelligent. They work like human. They are helpful to one another. The scientists said this.

19. Ants play games and nurse their sick babies. They have a highly developed social sense. They havebsocial sense like human being. We are told this.

20. Ants are very clever. They can think better than us. They can do an impossible work. We can’t dobsuch work.

21. I am in the hands of unprincipled people. They persuade me to adopt unpopular causes. They make me mouthpiece of  thsir propaganda. Some people believe this.

22. Will you murmur about low wages? Your country is in danger. Your liberty is in danger. They are in danger because of your rulers.

23. We are not free. The men who frame the laws represents the interests of the common people. They do not represent other interest. Only they right of vote is not enough.

24. The workers have no liberties. They are compelled to work twelve hours day. They are ill paid. Their children labour in mills and factories.

25. Civilization has grown more complex. The workers have become more slaves until today. They are little more than parts of machines they operate.

26. Women need to be helped. Women lifted over ditches. All says this. Nobody help me.

27. God is very unjust to me. He does not listen to my prayer. God himself is a man. I am not a man.

   28.Mr White searched for monkey’s paw. He searched it for some time. It was not there. Herbert was coming back.

29. Monkey’s paw had caused enough trouble. Mr Morris threw it in the fire. Mr White quickly retrievedvthe paw. He took it back from the fire.

30. Factual explanations are not palatable. They are not feasible. Headache acts. It acts as a password.

31. I am suffering from headache. I am not in position to attend the meeting. I called my secretary.informed him.

32. Headache is a very common excuse. This excuse is used by everybody. They use this excuse duringbspecial gatherings. They use it during official meetings.

33. A lots of people suffer from these. You will be shocked to know this. There is no such thing as headache. There is no such thing as indisposition.

34. Honest persons don’t tell lies. They don’t cheat others. The people honour them. They love them too.

35. Socrates was given a cup of poison. He drank it. His friends were standing around him. He was talking to his friends.

36. He has brought a message. It is from the collector. The Chief Minister is to visit the town. He will visit it next Sunday.

37. A little later, his wife had to do some shopping. It took her past the public house. To her horror she saw her baby there. It was Sleeping.

38. The sun rose. The travelers began their journey. They were to go to Ajmer. It was about fifty kilometers away from there.

 

39. He had read Milton. He had read it in prose translation. He had read it when he was fourteen.He told us this.

40. The computer is a machine. It is called a mechanical brain. It can solve many mathematical problems. It cannot feel like human beings.

41. Let us all be true Indians. Let us all work for her unity. In that way we can make her great, We can make her prosperous too.

42. The earth goes round the sun once a year. You do not know the fact. It is very strange The fact is known to every educated person.

43. We saw a comedy drama. It was a ‘Parsi drama. We saw it at the Tagore Hall. We returned late at night.

  

44. Axay stood first in the board. We came to know that. We went to his house. We wanted to congratulate him.

45. Two cats had stolen some cheese. They could not decide how to divide it equally between them. They decided to ask a monkey to settle the dispute for them. They went to the

monkey for that purpose.

46. I was crossing the street with my wife. It was after a lovely meal together. The next minute a car had hit me. It knocked me down.

47. I know the German shoemaker from the days of my youth. He made my father’s shoes. He lived with his elder brother. He was living in a small by-street.

48. Kadish was in despair. He went to consult the great specialist. His name was Dr. Yoetz. He was famous for his knowledge and wisdom.

49. I told my mother. You were going to school. You were to

going to dance with me. Her tired eyes coluded .

50. It was a stormy Christmas Eve. Delia and Harry were busy talking about the weather and many other things. A stranger comes to seek shelter. They treat him very warmly.

      BOARD EXAM QUESTION – ANSWERS

MARCH-2010

1.   The king was ill. The people heard the news. They crowded to the palace. They wished to inquire about  his health.

JULY-2010

2. Honest persons don’t tell lies. They do not cheat others. People honour them. They love them too.

MARCH 2011

3. A person cannot know about the future. He cannot prevent problems from coming. He should do his daily work well. He should not be discouraged easily.

JULY-2011

4. The shepherd saw the traveller. he was coming towards the cave. He rose to welcome him. He offered him a place in his cave.

MARCH-2012

5.   Hanumanthappa wanted to study further. He was a poor coolie’s son. His daily income was only 40 rupees. He decided to help his father to support the family.

JULY-2012

6. Mahendra jaggad friend He is a doctor. He is very honest. He treats poor patients free of change.

MARCH-2013

7. It was their good luck. They found their lost son. He was sitting on the steps of the temple.It was built outside the village.

JULY-2013

8.   Aunt Jane handed a cheque of ten pounds to Jill. She could pay off just one her bills, She could say one thing at least really belongs to her. She sent the cheque to the doctor.

JULY-2014

10. India became free in 1947. At that time there were more than five hundred states. Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel united the country. He was a bold leader.

MARCH 2015

11. Le‘t us all be true Indians. Let us all work for her unity. In that way we can make her great. We can make it prosperous too.

JULY- 2015

12. Honest People do not tell lies. They do not cheat other. People honour them. They love them too.

 MARCH 2016

13. Honest persons do not tell lie. They do not cheat other. People honour them. People love them too.

 MARCH 2017

14. The Taj  Mahal is a wonderful monument. It was built by Shahjahan. It was built in the memory of his wife, Mumtaj. It is on the banks of the river Yamuna.

MARCH-2018

15. This speech was delivered. It was delivered by Swami Vivekanand. Swamiji was representative of Hindu religion from India. The speech was delivered in Chicago

MARCH-2019

16. Mr. Joseph was a principal in a primary primary school. The school was in Anand District. He was pious, kind and helpful .Many students and parents appreciated him for his work.

ANSWERS – EXERCISES

Ex1. 

1. Doing his homework, Arpan went out.

2. Typing all the letters, the typist put them before the manager to sign.

3. Finishing his lecture, Mr. Raval left the class.

4. Visiting Manali, we shall go to Shimala.

5. Taking her breakfast, Kavya goes to school.

6. Mann will go to Canada to earn much money.

7. Anil shifted to Gandhinagar to live peaceful life.

8. Jhanvi studies hard to stand first in the class.

9. Khushi goes to Mansa every week to attend Dhyan yog.

10. Dhananjay went to Manvi’s school to meet her class teacher.

11. It is too hot for you to go out.

12. The watch is too costly for me to buy

13. This sum is easy enough for you to solve it easily.

14. This box is light enough for Raj to lift.

15. Jay walked fast enough to catch the train.

16. Dhiren went to Delhi by plane.

17. I saw a big bird with wide wings.

18. Sameer brought a nice car for Janu.

19. Dhruvi could not attend the function because of her illness.

20. According to Gandhiji, the truth is the God.

21. Aayushi gave me a very costly gift.

22. Gunjan has a red car.

23. Madhuri Dixit is a very charming actress.

24. Having seen the police, the thief ran away.

25. Having declared the innings, Kohli went to the dressing room.

Ex2. Fill in the blanks.

1. and.                         10.but. 19.so
2. or.                            11.but. 20.but
3. so                            12.and. 21.either..nor
4. neither…. nor.          13.so. 22.neither..nor
5. and.                         14.and. 23.otherwise
6. but.                          15. neither..nor. 24.so
7. and.                         16.either..nor. 25.and
8. or.                            17.but
9. or.                            18.and

Ex3. Fill in the blanks.

1. though.        10.unless.   19.whose
2. who.            11.If.       20.whom
3. whom.         12.becsuse.   21.which
4. whose.        13.whybb.   22.that
5. which.         14.Though. 23. who
6. that.            15.where. 24.because
7. how.            16.when.   25.though
8. where.         17.If 
9. when.          18.who

Join the following Sentences

1.Anil visited both Somnath and Dwarka.

2.Manan appeared in the competitive exam and was selected as junior Engineer.

3.Krutarth appeared in the exam but he failed.

4. Mary Kom won the gold medal so she was awarded by the government

5.The critic said much about the owl but nobody paid attention to him.

6. Either sit quietly or Go out.

7. Arpan takes neither tea nor coffee or

Arpan does not take either tea or coffee.

8. My father met neither the principal nor my class teacher or

My father did not meet either the principal or my class teacher.

9. Kavya is clever and hardworking.

10. Work hard or you will not get good result.

11. Give me either a pen or a pencil.

12. Milkha Singh tried hard but he could not secure the first place.

13. Lajja Goswami targeted the perfect aim so she got the gold medal.

14. Virendra got up early but he missed the bus.

15. Either Riya or Richa will stand first.

16. Khushi went to the temple and bowed down before the 

17. You are late so you will not be allowed to enter.

18. This dress is very costly but Kunjan will buy it.

19. Shlok obey neither his parents nor his Teachers. or

Shlok does not obey either his parents or his Teachers

20. Our players played well but we lost the match.

21. Our team performed well so we won the match.

22. Dhananjay is very obedient so he always observes the traffic rules.

23. Either the principal or the chief guest will give away prizes.

24. Mr. Pancholi finished the lecture and left the hall.

25. Don’t misbehave or I will punish you.

26. Narendra Modi is the prime minister whom People love very much

27. The police caught the thief who had stolen Mrs. Mehra’s purse.

28. Nilesh is a boy whose father is a millionaire.

29. Ragini spoke the truth but nobody believed her.

30. Shakti was arrested because he had committed a serious crime.

31. All the students want to know how this machine works wonderfully.

32. Do you know where Mary Kom was Born?

33. Meet Mr. Piccasso whose paintings are very famous worldwide

34. Do you recognize Mr. Tarak Mehta whose serial is very popular now a days.

35. Nobody Knows the fact that his father is an M.L.A.

36. I believe that Lajja Goswami a gold medalist.

37. All know that Darpan is very irregular

38. We are eager to know how he passed exam.

39. Khushi does not understand how she should tackle this issue.

40. When the bell rang, the new period started.

41. It is kirti Mandir where Gandhiji was born.

42. If Jhanvi comes to my house, I will give her a party.

43. Pujan will not come because he is ill.

44. Do you know the reason why he comes here every day.

45. When the guard blew the whistle, the train started.

46. Unless you work hard, you will not be rewarded.

47. The teacher caught the boy who was coping in the exam.

48. The girl is crying whose purse has been stolen.

49. Riddhi told me that Dharavi had got the distinction marks.

50. Vaidehi deposited money because she wanted to join the school four.

    

• ANSWERS – MIXED EXERCISE.

 

1.Do you see the message that says it will reinstall for the life of your heart on your mobile screen.

  2.As soon as you open the file, love will automatically erase PAST HURT. EXE from your current opening system without disrupting other programme.

  3.When Walt Disney was 21, he studied cartooning in Chicago and started animated cartoon company.

 4.Till Mickey Mouse celebrated his 40th birthday in 1968, a quarter of a billion people had seen Disney movie, 100 million had watched Disney TV, a million had read and Disney book or magazine, ten million visited Disneyland.

  5.I realize that Walt did all the animation but the Alice cartoon didn’t make much, so Walt started a new series called Oswald the Rabbit.

6. Though Walt is no more, his influence lingers like a living presence over the studio for many years.

7 . My imaginative, creative and industrious brother left many projects in progress to keep the rest is  busy for many years.

8. If you try to observe, you will find that mind, emotions and body are closely interlinked and they always work together.

9. You start lots of things but you don’t finish any so you starts thinking about probable worry and get panic.

  

10. The better you deal with your stress the less your mental capacity will be affected to build up betterbstress management to be free.

11. When I walked in to Nana’s room to wake him up, I found that he was sleeping in Nani’s bed.

12. When I lifted the blanket to wake him up, I was stunned to see that Nana was sleeping in Nani’s dhoti and blouse.

13. Dr Kamble invited me in and fortified my frayed nerves by giving me a stiff peg of whiskey.

14. When Nani passed away, Nana was very old and weak yet he would find something to cavil at everything Nani’s did and would keep quibbling with her as if she were alive.

15. I was getting worried about Nana so I called my friend Dr K.D.Kamble, a psychiatrist.

16. The villagers of Africa tell us stories about babies, eaten by driver ants of Africa.

17. The African ants are completely blind but they march in long lines and if any animal that happensbto be in their path, they will devour it.

18. The scientists said that ants are intelligent, helpful to one another and work like human.

19. We are told that ants play games, nurse their sick babies and have a highly developed social sense like human beings.

20. Ants are so clever that they can think better than us because they can do such an impossible work that we can’t do.

21. Some people believed that I am in the hands of

unprincipled people who persuade  me to adopt unpopular causes and make me mouthpiece of their propaganda.

22. Will you murmur about low wages when our country and our liberty are in danger because ef your rulers.

  

23. Unless the men who frame laws represent the interest of the common people and no other interest , we will not be free because only the right of vote is not enough.

24. The workers have no liberties when / till they are compelled to work twelve hours a day, ill paid and their children labour in mills and factories.

25. As civilization has grown more complex, the workers have become more slaves until today they are little more than parts of machines they operate.

26. All say that women need to be helped and lifted over ditches but nobody helps me.

27. God is too unjust to listen to my prayer because he himself is a man and I am not a man.

28. When Herbert was coming back, Mr White searched for monkey’s paw for sometime but it was not there.

29. Monkey’s paw had caused enough trouble so Mr.Morries threw quickly retrieved it from the fire.

30. Where/ When factual explanation are neither palatable nor feasible, headache acts as a password.

31. I called my secretary and informed him that owing to headache, I am not attending this meeting

32. Head ache is such a common excuse that it is used by everybody during social gathering or during official meetings.

33. Though a lots of people suffer, you will be shocked to know that there is no such thing as headache or indisposition.

34.The people honour and love honest person house they neither tell lies nor chean others.

35. Socrates who was talking to his friends, standing around him, was given a cup of poison which he drank.

36. He has brought the message from the collector that the chief minister is to visit the town next Sunday.

37. A little later his wife had to do some shopping, which took her past the public house where to her horror she saw her baby sleeping.

38. When the sun rose, the travelers began their journey to Ajmer which was about 50 kms. away from there.

39. He told us that he had read Milton in a prose translation when he was 14.

40. The computer a mechanical brain, is a machine that can solve many mathematical problems but it cannot feel like human beings.

41. Let us all be true Indians by working for her unity so that we can make her great and prosperous.

42. It is strange that you don’t know the fact, which is known to every educated person that the earth goes round the sun once a year.

43. We saw a Parsi comedy drama at the Tagore Hall and returned late at night.

44. When we came to know that Akshay stood first in the school, we went to his house to congratulate him.

45. Two cats had stolen some cheese but they couldn’t decide how to divide it equally between them so they went to the monkey to settle the dispute for them.

46. When I was crossing the street with my wife after a lovely meals together a car had hit me and knocked me down.

47. I know the German shoemaker living with his elder brother in a small by-street from the days of my youth because he made my fathers’ shoes.

48. In despair Kadis went to consult a great specialist named Dr. Yoctz who was famous for his knowledge and wisdom.

48. In despair Kadis went to consult a great specialist named Dr. Yoetz who was famous for his knowledge and wisdom.

49. When I told my mother that you were going to school and dance with me her tired eyes clouded.

50. On a stormy Christmas Eve Delia and Harry were busy talking about weather and many other things, when a stranger came to seek shelter and they treated him warmly.

BOARD QUESTION ANSWERS

1. The people heard the news that the king was ill therefore they crowded to inquire about his health.

2. Honest persons neither tell lies nor cheat others so people honour and love them, too.

3.   A person cannot know about the future so he cannot prevent problems from coming but he should do his daily work well and he should not be discouraged easily.

4. When the shepherd saw the traveller coming towards the cave, he rose to welcome him and offered a place in his cave.

5. Hanumanthappa wanted to study further but he was a poor coolie’s son and his daily income was only 40 rupees so he decided to help his father to support the family.

 

6. Mahendra Jaggad is my friend who is an honest doctor treating poor patients free of charge.

 

7. It was their good luck that they found their lost son who was sitting on the steps of the temple built outside the village.

8. Aunt Jane handed a cheque of ten pounds to Jill to pay off just one of her bills so that she could say one thing at least really belongs to her, but she sent the cheque to the doctor.

 9.As we had lost our way, we asked a home-guard to help us but he was a stranger to the place so he could not help us.

10. When India became free in 1947, there were more than five hundred states which were united in the country by the bold leader like Sardar Vallabhbhai.

11. Let us all be true Indians and work for her unity so that we can make her great and prosperous.

12. Honest People neither tell lies nor cheat others so people honour them and love them.

13. Honest persons neither tell lie or cheat others so people honour them and love them, too.

14. The Taj Mahal is a very wonderful monument. It was built by Shahjahan. It was built in the memory of his wife, Mumtaz. It is on the bank of the river Yamuna.

15. This speech was delivered in Chicago by Swami Vivekananda as a representative of Hindu religion from India.

16. Mr. Joseph was a pious, kind and helpful principal in a primary school in Anand District so many students and parents appreciated him for his work. 

   OR

Mr.Joseph was a principal in a primary school in Anand District who was pious, kind and helpful so many students and parents appreciated him for his work.

વિદ્યાર્થી મિત્રો,

→  અંગ્રેજી ભાષામાં વાતચીત દરમ્યાન તમારે તમારા સાથી મિત્ર સાથે કોઈ માહિતી મેળવવા માટે કે કંઈક જાણવા માટે પ્રશ્ન પણ પૂછવા પડે.

→વિદ્યાર્થી મિત્રો તમે બજારમાં જાઓ કે સ્ટેશન પર જાઓ, તમે ખરીદી કરવા માટે જાઓ કે ફરવા માટે, તમે કોઈ શાળા- મહાશાળામાં એડમીશન મેળવવા માંગતા હોય કે નોકરી માટે માહિતી મેળવવા માંગતા હોય, અને આવી અનેક બાબતો માટે તમારે વ્યક્તિને પ્રશ્ન પૂછવા પડે છે. આમ પ્રમાણ પૂછતાં રાખવું એ એક મહત્વનું કૌશલ્ય છે.

→ આ પ્રકરણમાં તમને અલગ અલગ પ્રકારના પ્રશ્ન  કેવી રીતે પૂછવા તે અંગે માર્ગદર્શન આપવામાં આવ્યું છે. આ પ્રશ્નમાં ત્રણ વાક્યો આપ્યા હશે. ત્રણેય વાક્યોમાં કેટલાક શબ્દ/ શબ્દસમૂહ નીચે લાઈન આપી હશે.દરેક વાક્ય નીચે ચાર-ચાર વિકલ્પો આપ્યા હશે. દરેક વાકયમાં underlined parts જવાબ બને તેવી  રીતે વિકલ્પોમાંથી સાચા પ્રશ્નને શોધીને જવાબ તરીકે લખવાના છે.

→ Example: Select the correct questions and write then.

(1) Mira bought 1 k.g. Ghee.

(a) Who bought ghee?    (b) What did Mira buy?

(c) How much Ghee did Mira buy?(d)why did Mira buy Ghee?

Ans:- (c) How much Ghee did Mira buy?

 

→  મિત્રો અંગ્રેજી ભાષામાં વારંવાર ઉપયોગમાં લેવામાં માનતા ‘Wh’ questions words ની માહિતી કોઠા દ્વારા માહિતી આપવામાં આવી છે. અહીં ક્યાં ‘wh’ કયા

કારણ માટે/ હેતુ જાણવા માટે ઉપયોગમાં લેવાય છે તેની માહિતી ઉદાહરણ સાથે નીચે આપવામાં   આવી છે.

• ‘Wh’ questions and their functions:

No      Wh’ questions.                 Its function/ પ્રશ્ન પૂછવાનો હેતુ

1.       Who (કોણ).                     કર્તા જાણવા માટે, ક્રિયા કરનાર

                                                   જાણવા માટે.

2.     Whom (કોને, નું ની ના).        કર્મ જાણવા માટે.

  

3.     Whose (કોનો નાયક, નું ,ની, ના).     સંબંધક બાબતો જાણવા માટે.

4.     Which (કોણ, કોના, નું, ની, ના).       નિર્જીવ બાબતો માટે, પસંદગી

                                                           અંગેની માહિતી મેળવવા માટે.        

5.     What (શું ).                              બાબત જાણવા માટે.

                                                         to know the action or thing.

6.     Where (ક્યાં).                        સ્થળ જાણવા માટે.

7.     When (ક્યારે).                       સમય જાણવા માટે.

8.     Why (શા માટે).                      કારણ/ હેતુ જાણવા માટે.

9.       How (કેવી રીતે).                To know the process of action.

                                                  કોઈ કાર્યની વિગત જાણવા માટે.

10.     How many (કેટલા).           સંખ્યા જાણવા માટે

11.     How much (કેટલું).           જથ્થો જાણવા માટે.

12.     How long (કેટલી લંબાઈ | સમય).    લંબાઈ જાણવા માટે,

                                                            સમય જાણવા માટે.

13.       How far (કેટલું દૂર).                   અંતર જાણવા માટે.

Example:

Who is a doctor? Amit  is a doctor

Whom do I meet?l meet Ajay.

Whose brother do you invite? i invite Ajay’s brother.

Which car did you buy?I bought a black car.

What is your name?My name is Ram.

Where is Mumbai?Mumbai is onbthe sea beach.

When will you come? will come at 10.

How did you pass this exam? I worked hard.

How many books will you buy?I will buy 10 books.

How much milk do you drink? I drink a glass of milk.

How long will you stay there?I will stay there for two hours.

How far is Ambaji? Ambaji is 80 k.m far.

•   ‘ Wh’ question word વડે પ્રશ્નાર્થ વાક્ય બનાવતી વખતે સાચો પ્રશ્ન વિકલ્પ તરીકે પસંદ કરતી વખતે ધ્યાનમાં રાખવાની બાબતો.

1.Study underlined word / words/ phrasel clause:

  મિત્રો, તમારું સૌથી મહત્વનું કામ underline વાળા શબ્દ/ શબ્દો/, શબ્દ સમૂહ કે વાક્યને સમજવાનું છે. તમારે આ underlined parts તમારા પ્રશ્નનો જવાબ બને તેવી રીતે પ્રશ્નાર્થ વાક્ય રચના કરવાની છે, આ underlined part ને સમજીને તેના માટે ક્યો ‘Wh’ word તમે પસંદ કરશો તે સૌથી મહત્ત્વની બાબત છે. આ પ્રકરણની શરૂઆતમાં દર્શાવવામાં આવેલા table નો અભ્યાસ તેમને અહીં મદદરૂપ થશે.

2. Choosing ‚Wh’ word:

  આપ જે બાબત જાણવા માંગતા હોય તે બાબત જાણવા માટે ઉપયોગમાં લેવામાં આવતા ‘Wh’ word વડે જ પ્રશ્નાર્થ વાક્ય બનાવવું.

Example:

(1) Keyur will come tomorrow to meet me.

When will Keyur come to meet me?

  અહીં tomorrow શબ્દ નીચે underline છે. આ શબ્દ સમય દર્શાવે છે. સમય જાણવા માટે when નો ઉપયોગ થાય છે. તેથી ‘when’ word વડે આ પ્રશ્નાર્થ વાક્ય બનાવવામાં આવ્યું છે.

(2) Keyur will come tomorrow to meet me.

Who will come tomorrow to meet me?

 ‌‌ અહીં Keyur શબ્દ નીચે underline છે. આ શબ્દ કર્તા દર્શાવે છે. કર્તા જાણવા માટે Who ‘Wh’ word નો ઉપયોગ થાય છે.તેથી ‘Who’ word વડે ઓ પ્રશ્નાર્થ વાક્ય બનાવવામાં આવ્યું છે.

(3)Keyur will come tomorrow to meet me.

Why will Keyur come tomorrow?

અહીં to meet me શબ્દ સમહ નીચે underline છે. આ શબ્દ સમૂહ કેયુરને આવવા માટેનો હેતુ દર્શાવે છે. કોઈ ક્રિયાનો હેતુ જાણવા માટે Why ‘Wh’નો

ઉપયોગ થાય છે. માટે આ પ્રશ્નાર્થ વાક્ય બનાવવા માટે  ‘Why’ word વડે આ

પ્રશ્નાર્થ વાક્ય બનાવવામાં આવ્યું છે.

3. Tense : મૂળ વાક્ય જે કાળમાં હોય તે કાળમાં જ પ્રશ્નાર્થ વાક્ય બનાવવું,

Example : 1. I play cricket.

                  Which game do I play?

2. I played cricket.

                Which game did I play?

4. No change in other word / words / phrases/ clause : Underlined part જવાબ બને તેવી રીતે પ્રશ્નાર્થ વાક્ય બનાવવા માટે તમારે  subject, auxiliary verb અને main verbui મા જ ફેરફાર કરવાના છે. અન્ય શબ્દ કે શબ્દ સમૂહ માં કોઈ જ ફેરફાર કરવાના નથી. આ બાબતનું બરાબર ધ્યાન રાખવું. વાક્ય ગમે તેટલું લાંબુ હોય પરંતુ સૂચિત કર્યા ન હોય તેવા કોઈ શબ્દો કે વાક્યમાં ફેરફાર કરવો નહિ.

Example : 

1. Sachin hit two centuries in the last match of world cup.

 How many centuries did Sachin hit in the last match of world cup?

2.I played cricket at the Motera stadium, Ahmedabad.

 What did I play at the Motera stadium, Ahmedabad.

  હવે આપણે અલગ અલગ ‘Wh’ question word વિશે અભ્યાસ કરીએ.

•   Wh’ Question Words: Function, Form, Example and Exercise

1.   Who

(1) Function :

• The question word ‘Who’ નો ઉપયોગ ચોક્ક્સ action નો કર્તા જાણવા માટે થાય છે.

       દા. ત., Who is dancing?

• ચોક્કસ ક્રિયા કરનાર કોણ છે તે જાણવા માટે Who નો ઉપયોગ થાય છે.

        દા. ત.,Who breaks this glass?

               Who sings such songs?

• Who is used to ask questions about people’s identity?

For example:

1.Who is appointed as a new teacher in this school?

2.Who is your best friend?

(2) Form

Who + ક્રિયાપદ+કર્મ 

Who is a doctor?

• In a who question, the verb to be’ must agree in tense and number with the noun or pronoun it points to.

Example:

1. Who is your favorite singer?

2.Who are your favorite singers ?

Remember :

   Assertive sentence નુ Who ‘Wh’ word  દ્વારા Interrogative sentence માં રૂપાંતર કરતી વખતે  Assertive sentence માંથી કર્તા દૂર થાય છે.

Example : Raju is clever

                Who is clever?

Example :- Frame questions to get underlined words as their answers.

(1) Raju is opening a new company.

(2) Sweta is My sister.

(3) Shreya is Rutva’s.

Answers : 

 

 (1) Who is opening a new company?

(2) Who is My sister?

(3) Who is Rutva’s friend?

Exercise: 1 Frame the questions to get the underlined words as their answers.

1. Kripa went to U.S.A.

2 Anti and Kripa are friends.

3. Everybody in the family respects Nana.

4.Nobody knows how the mistakes took place.

5. The government formed the rules of this company.

6. At the end of the day Krishna declared his innings.

7.The next day Krupa will address a new session in the morning.

8. Mary defeated many boxers.

9 .M.S Dhoni has been playing cricket for last many years.

10. In 1942 Gandhiji started Quit India movement.

2.   Whom

(1) Function:

 

• The question word ‘Whom’ નો ઉપયોગ વાક્યમાં કર્મ જાણવા માટે થાય છે.

         દા.t., Whom are you calling?

• Whom is used to ask questions about the object.

            For example:

1. Whom have you invited at your party?
2. Whom have you sent invitation cards?

(2) Form:

Whom + auxiliary verb + subject + main verb

             (ક્રિયાપદ) +            (કર્તા ) + (મૂળ ક્રિયાપદ)

Whom did you meet?

• In a Whom question, the auxiliary verb must agree in tense and number with the subject it refers to.

Example:

1. Whom does the meet?

2.Whom do you meet?

  Remember : Assertive sentence નું  Whom ‘Wh’ word દ્ધારા Interrogative sentence માં રૂપાંતર કરતી વખતે   Assertive sentence

માથી કર્મ દૂર થાય છે.

Example : I met Raju.

               Whom did I meet?

•  મૂળ વાક્યમાં જો કર્મ સાથે કોઈ પ્રેપોઝીશન જોડાયેલું હોય તો પ્રશ્નાર્થ વાક્યમાં આ પ્રપોઝીશન ‘Wh’ સાથે જોડાયેલું રહે છે.

For example:

I am looking to Arti.

To whom am I looking?

Example : Frame questions to get underlined words as their answers.

(1) I meet Ram yesterday.

(2) Our principal called our English teacher.

(3) Amitabh dances with Rekha in many movies.

Answers :

 (1) Whom did I meet yesterday?

(2) Whom did our principal call?

(3) With whom does Amitabh dance in many movies?

 Exercise: 2 

 

Frame the questions to get the underlined words as their answers.

1. I met Ami at the railway station.

2. I called Raju as a chief guest.

3. Helen Keller asked the workers to strike against war.

4. Walt Disney met his distributors to discuss about The Rabbit.

5. The Best Actor award was declared by Rekha.

6. He will stand behind Ami.

7.‘ Gitanjali’ was written by Rabindranath Tagore.

8. Mr. White and Mrs:White were waiting for Mr. Morris.

9. The committee expects the president to look into the matter.

10. Krutarth has received that gift from Rutvij just now.

3. Whose

(1) Function:

•  Whose question word is used to identify the person who owns something or the animal that has something or to know about the subject or the verb?

For example:

1. Whose acting do you like to see?
2. Whose mantras are you chanting in the morning?
3. Whose brother helped you?

(2) Form :

Whose  વડે પ્રશ્ન ત્રણ રીતે બનાવી શકાય છે.

( A)  કર્તા તરીકે   whose

Whose + noun + verb + કર્મ?

 ( સંબધિત બાબત) +(ક્રિયાપદ)

  Whose mother called you?

(B)   કર્મ તરીકે Whose

Whose + noun + auxiliary verb + કર્તા +મૂળ ક્રિયાપદ?

      (સંબંધક બાબત  ) + (સહાયક ક્રિયાપદ)

   Whose song are you singing now?

(C) Whose + main verb + object?

   Whose are these files?

     Remember :

Assertive sentence નું Whose ‘Wh’ word દ્વારા Interrogative માં રૂપાંતર કરતી વખતે સંબંધક વિભક્તિ  my, mine/our, ours/ your, yours/ his, her, hers/ theit, theirs તેમજ apostrophe’s ધરાવતા જે તે 

બાબતના સંબંધક દૂર થાય છે.

 Example : 1. This bag is mine.

                  Whose bag is this?

2. I admire your singing

    Whose singing do I admire?

3. Arpita will go to Ambaji with Kripa’s sister.

   With whose sister will Arpita go to Ambaji?

•  મૂળ વાક્યમાં જો સંબંધક વિભક્તિ કે જે તે બાબત સાથે સંબંધ ધરાવતી વ્યક્તિ સાથે  preposition જોડાયેલ હોય તો પ્રશ્નાર્થ 

વાક્યમાં આ પ્રેપોઝીશન whose સાથે જોડાયેલું રહે છે.

  For example :

I am asked to take a pen from your bag.

From whose bag am I asked to take a pen?

Example : 

 

Frame questions to get underlined words as their answers.

(1) Ajit is My friend.

(2) Arti’s Papa called me.

(3) Ramsing won our heart.

Answers :

 (1) Whose friend is Ajit?

(2) Whose papa called me?

(3) Whose heart did Ramsing win?

Exercise: 3

  Frame the questions to get the underlined words as their answers.

1. Arpita is Maya’s cousin.

2. Vinod is my friend.

3. Aradhana calls my sister daily.

4. Mrs. White kept Mr.white’s hand in her hand.

5. Suketu invited us at Rita’s home.

6. Walt made Mikki’s cartoons.

7. You should love your heart before you love others.

8.Vodafone takes over Hutch’s company.

9. We lived in Nana – Nani’s house for more than 20 years.

10. Gandhiji wished freedom for Indian’s progress.

4 .  Which

(1) Function :

• This question word ‘Which’ is used to ask the listener to identify or choose a specific item from a list that is known to both to the listener and the speaker.

બોલનાર અને સાંભળનાર બંને ને ખ્યાલ હોય તેવી પસંદગીની કેટલીક બાબતોમાંથી ચોક્કસ પસંદગી પૂછવા માટે which નો ઉપયોગ થાય છે.

For example:

1. Which girl is sick? (Lina or Rina)
2. Which dish is easy to prepare? (Punjabi or Gujarati)

(2) Form :

Which ‘Wh’ question વડે અલગ અલગ forms  દ્વારા પ્રશ્ન બનાવી શકાય.

(A) Which + to be verb?

Which is the first event?

(B) Which + noun + auxiliary / main verb?

Which file is yours?

Which animal runs the fastest?

(C) Which + noun + auxiliary verb + subject + main verb

Which book are you reading now?

Example : 

 Frame questions to get underlined words as their answers.

(1) I like Laxa Mobile phone.

(2) He killed that wild animal.

(3) I would prefer Indian food.

Answers

 (1) Which mobile phone do I like?

(2) Which animal did he kill?

(3) Which food would I prefer?

Exercise: 

  Frame the questions to get the underlined words as their answers.

1. 100 million people watched The Mickey Mouse’ serial.

2.I fully trust on this Run machine.

3. A quarter of a billion people saw a Disney movie in 1968.

4. They were ready to fight against the horror deeds.

5. I like love machine.

6. That lion was attacked by big buffalo.

7. I play cricket manytimes.

8. Aruna came Delhi through the Rajdhani train.

9. Medha Patkar was standing under Gulmohar tree.

10. A scientist was attracted by a magic fruit.

5.   What

(1) Function:

• This question word ‘What’ is used to know about the information regarding something.‘ What’ નો‌ઉપયોગ કોઈ બાબતની માહિતી જાણવા માટે તેમજ કોઈ વ્યક્તિનો વ્યવસાયે જાણવા માટે થાય છે.

For example:

1.What is your name?

2. What is the result?

• This question word is used to know about the profession or position of a person.

For example:

1. What is your father?
2. What is Mr.Dave?

  Remember : What વડે પૂછવામાં આવતા Assertive sentence માથી ચોક્ક્સ બાબત દૂર થાય છે.

Example : My name is Ram

               What is my name ?

(2) Form :

What ‘Wh’ question  વડે અલગ અલગ forms‌ દ્ધારા બનાવી શકાય.

(A) What + verb (auxiliary or main) + object?

 

   What caused malaria?

    What is his name?

(B) What + auxiliary verb + subject + main verb?

  What is she cleaning?

(C) What + noun + auxiliary verb + subject + main verb?

  By what problem are you suffering?

Example : 

  Frame questions to get underlined words as their answers.

(1) I brought a new bungalow.

(2) I write an email every morning.

(3) We organized a party yesterday.

Answers : 

(1) What did I buy?

(2) What do I write every morning?

(3) What did I organize yesterday?

Exercise-5:

 

   Frame the questions to get the underlined words as their answers.

1. My name is Ram.

2. The manager owned a new flat.

3. Anjana gifted me iphone 7 on my birthday.

4. Walt Disney established a new company.

5. Kavita got a pearl necklace for her birthday.

6. The tourists will like to watch Indian cultural program in this meet.

7. I kept Nani’s cot in Nana’s room.

8. The customer should delete error program to install love.

9. Kiran is playing games on the play ground.

10. Arpita and Kavya are giving instructions to control traffic.

6. Where

(1) Function :

• This question word where is used to ask questions about places, directions and locations.

• સ્થળ અંગે માહિતી માટે ‘ where’  શબ્દનો ઉપયોગ થાય છે.

For example:

1. Where is Agra?
2. Where will you keep your mobile phone?
3. Where is Mr.Law’s office?

(2) Form:

Where ‘Wh’ word વડે અલગ અલગ  forms દ્વારા પ્રશ્ન બનાવી શકાય.

(A) Where + to be verb +subject (noun/ pronoun)?

       Where is Japan?

(B) Where + auxiliary verb + subject (noun / pronoun) + main verb?

  Where have you kept your books?

Remember :

Where વડે પ્રશ્ન પૂછવામાં આવતા  Assertive sentence માથી સ્થળ દર્શાવતો શબ્દ દૂર થાય છે.

Example : I lived in Europe.

                 Where did I live?

Example :

  Frame questions to get underlined words as their answers.

(1) My brother went U.S.A. last year.

(2) Indian team is playing at England.

(3) Raju meet me here.

Answers :

 (1) Where did my brother go last year?

(2) Where is Indian team playing?

(3) Where did Raju meet me?

Exercise-6 : 

Frame the questions to get the underlined words as their answers.

1. Ami lived in Banglore.

2. Gandhiji was born in Porbandar.

3.Mr.Morris worked in India.

4. Ants carried the bits of insects and stopped near the top of the pit.

5. The man was painting rainbow sitting near the river bank.

6. Narendra suddenly comes from a small village and becomes a leader.

7. People should deposit their money in the Nationalized banks.

8. The narrator always meets his Nana at the Public Park.

9. Mahatma started ‘Dandikuch’ from the Sabarmati Ashram.

10. I see him everywhere I go.

7.   When

(1) Function: 

•  This question word ‘When’ is used to ask questions about dates, day, and time.

• સમય અંગે માહિતી માટે ‘ When’શબ્દનો ઉપયોગ થાય છે.

For example:

1.When will you come?

2. When will you get your exam result?

(2) Form:

When ‘Wh’ word વડે  અલગ અલગ forms દ્વારા પ્રશ્ન બનાવી શકાય.

(A) When + to be verb +subject (noun/ pronoun)?

When was your painting competition?

(B) When + auxiliary verb + subject (noun / pronoun) + main verb?

When are you going to M.Abu?

Examples : 

Study the following examples.

1. When did Walt start his new company?

2. When will you meet me?

3. When can you install love?

4. From when will you join this job?

5. When does Maya come?

  Remember : When વડે પ્રશ્ન પૂછતા સમય દર્શાવવા શબ્દ Assertive sentence માંથી દૂર થાય છે.

   Example : We will go tomorrow.

    When will we go?

Example : 

 Frame questions to get underlined words as their answers.

(1) I received your email last night.

(2) Narendra Modi became Prime Minister in 2013.

(3) India got freedom in 1947.

Answers : 

(1) When did I receive you email?

(2) When did Narendra Modi become Prime Minister?

(3) When did India get freedom?

Exercise-7 : 

Frame the questions to get the underlined words as their answers.

1. Suketu reached at the station at 9 o’clock.

2 I will come there at noon.

3.The doctor met Nana in the evening.

4. The next bus to Goa is at 12.00.

5. She will call me next morning.

6. Kanaya wants to see Radha whole day.

7.The throat procession is on Friday night.

8. We will declare our innings on Monday.

9.The admission will be started from next Monday

10. In 1827, New York he passed an Emancipation act.

8. Why

(1) Function :

• This question word ‘Why’ is used to ask questions about the cause, reason or purpose for something.

• આ પ્રશ્નાર્થ વાક્યનો ઉપયોગ કોઈ ઘટનાનું કારણ/હેતુ જાણવા માટે થાય છે.

For example:

1. Why are you so late?
2. Why didn’t she attend the party?
3. Why are they going to the U.S.A.?

(2) Form :

Why ‘Wh’ question વડે અલગ અલગ forms દ્વારા પ્રશ્ન બનાવી શકાય.

(A) Why + to be verb + noun / pronoun + adjective ?

   Why are you sad?

(B) Why + auxiliary verb + noun / pronoun + main verb?

   Why is he reading a story book?

Remember :

 Why વડે પ્રશ્ન પૂછતાં  Assertive sentence માંથી કારણ દર્શાવતા શબ્દસમૂહ દૂર થાય છે.

Example : He is late because he is sick.

                Why is he late?

Example:

  Frame questions to get underlined words as their answers.

(1) Arunima Climbed Everest to prove herself.

(2) Aswin was late because he was asked for other task.

(3) India played slow so we could not win.

Answers :

 (1) Why did Arunima Climb Everest?

(2) Why was Aswin late?

(3) Why could we not win?

Exercise-8 : 

 

 Frame the questions to get the underlined words as their answers.

1. Mary Kom won the gold medal because she practiced more

2.Ruchita invited Asha because of her honesty.

3. Since I was late I was not allowed to attend the meeting.

4.As price of petrol is raised people buy CNG cars.

5. Owing to her liking for magic. Mrs. White wished to visit India.

6. My papa is going to U.S.A. Next week so he works the whole day.

7.Because of poverty India can’t make progress.

8. They elect Modi for development

9. The lawyer constantly talks with him to convince him about his faults.

10. The Indian government announced demonetization to control corruption and terrorism.

9 . How / How many / How much / How long How far

How :

(1) Function:

• The question word ‘How’ is used to ask the process of something some events.

For example:

1. How is tea prepared?
2. How will you come?

• ‘How is used to ask the condition of someone or something.

For example:

1.How is your father?

2. How is it now?

• ‘How’ નો ઉપયોગ કોઈ બાબત કેવી રીતે બની તે જાણવા માટે તેમજ કોઈ પરિસ્થિતિની જાણ કરવામાટે થાય છે.

• How’ is used with certain adjectives to ask for different types of information.

Like : distance, age, size, time.

Examples:

1.Distance : ( અંતર વિશે જાણવા)

How far is the super market from here?

2. Age (ઉંમર વિશે જાણવા)

How old is your brother?

3.Size : ( સાઇઝ વિશે જાણવા)

How big is this house?

4.Time : ( સમયનો ગાળા વિશે જાણવા ) (duration of time)

How long do you stay here?

How many / how much : (સંખ્યા , જથ્થો જાણવા માટે)

(1) Function :

• How many and How much are used to ask questions about quantity or amount.

• How many is used with plural countable nouns and how much with uncountable nouns.

Examples:

1. How many people have visited Maharana Pratap’s palace?
2. How much electricity is wasted on religious festivals?

(2) Form :

• How / How many / How much / How long How far જેવા  ‘Wh’ question વડે અલગ અલગ forms દ્વારા પ્રશ્ન બનાવી શકાય.

દ્વારા પ્રશ્ન બનાવી શકાય.

(a) How :

1. How + to be + noun / pronoun?

     How are you?

2. How + auxiliary verb + noun pronoun + main verb?

    How will you go there?

(b) How far / How long / How old :

• How + adjective + auxiliary verb + noun / pronoun + main verb?

1. How long do you stay?
2. How far will you go?
3. How old are you?

+c)How many / How much:

• How many / How much + noun + auxiliary verb + noun / pronoun + main verb?

1. How many paintings will you buy?
2. How much time do you need?

• How much / How many + noun + verb?

1. How many boys are coming?
2. How many books are bought?
3. How much water is left here?

Remember:-;

  Assertive sentence પ્રશ્નનો વિધાનમાં રૂપાંતર કરવા માટે નીચે દર્શાવેલા શબ્દ/ શબ્દસમૂહ દૂર થાય છે.

Example : 

How many →સંખ્યા દર્શાવતા શબ્દ

How much → જથ્થો દર્શાવતા શબ્દ

How far     →અંતર દર્શાવતા શબ્દ

How long  →સમય દર્શાવતા શબ્દ

Example :

  Frame questions to get underlined words as their answers.

(1) Ambaji is 100 k.m. far from Mehsana.

(2) My friend is very old.

(3) I eat five applies

(4) Raju bought 1 kg. ghee.

(5) He is 60.

Answers : 

(1) How far is Ambaji, from Mehsana?

(2) How is my friend?

(3) How many apples did I eat?

(4) How much ghee did Raju buy?

(5) How old is he?

Exercise-9 :

  Frame the questions to get the underlined words as their answers.

1. Amu is very honest.

2.Amitabh Jokes tall and handsome.

3. Prithviraj Chauhan fought bravely with Ghori.

4.Arti will buy two dresses from this sale.

5. Kripa bought 2 kg apple.

6. Henry is 1.7 meters tall.

7.Rucha is 12 years old.

8. This house has four bed rooms and three bathrooms.

9. This mobile phone is of 400 dollars,

10. Ambaji is 100 km away from here.

•   MIXED EXERCISES. •

 Frame the questions to get the underlined words as their answers.

1. Rahul went to Dubai for learning architecture.

(A) Who went to Dubai for learning architecture ?

(B) Where did Rahul go for learning architecture ?

(c) What did Rahul learn in Dubai ?

(D) Where had Rahul gone for learning architecture ?

2. I will go to Haridwar for the immersion of the ashes of my father.

(A) Who will go to Haridwar for the immersion of the ashes of my father?

(B) Where will I go for the immersion of the ashes of my father?

(C) Why will I go to Haridwar?

(D) Whose ashes will I immerse at Haridwar?

3. About the age of nine,Sojourner Truth was auctioned off to an English man named John Nealy.

(A) Who was auctioned off to an English man named John Nealy?

(B) Who bought Sojourner Truth ?

(C) What had happened to Sojourner Truth when she was just nine?

(D) At what age was Sojourner Truth auctioned off ?

4. Sergeant Morris had given Mr. White the monkey’s paw.

(A) Who had given Mr. White the monkey’s paw.

(B) By whom had the monkey’s paw given to Mr. White?

(C) What had Sergeant Morris given to Mr. White?

(D) Whom had Sergeant Morris given the monkey’s paw?

5. Love is free ware. Be sure it will not disrupt others.

(A) What care should we take?

(B) What is a free ware?

(C) How much love cost?

(D) Why should one need to be sure??

6.The sales representative gave the customer who wanted to install love in his heart, a few tricks to do so.

(A) Why did the customer go to the sales representative

(B) How did the sales representative help the customer?

(C) Who wanted to install love?

(D) Whose help the customer sought?

7.Walt, being really a complex man, was a genius for the writers, producers, and animators.

(A) For whom was Walt a genius?

(B) What kind of personality Walt had?

(C) Who was complex but genius?

(D) What did the writers think about Walt?

8. For becoming an effective speaker, one should know how to modulate one’s voice, that is a gift of nature, properly. For that give your ears to known speakers.

(A) What is the condition to become a good orator?

(B) How is voice considered?

(C) When is knowledge of modulation of voice is necessary?

(D) Who are to be listened?

9. ‘Be confident’ is the most vital piece of advice any expert interviewer will give. I have faced about ten interviews without failure.

(A) What advice is given by the expert interviewers?

(B) What was the outcome of the writer’s interviews?

(C) How many interviews did I face?

(D) Who advises to be confident?

10. Anil always helps the needy to get satisfaction.

(A) Why does Anil get satisfaction ?

(B) Why does Anil helps the needy ?

(C) Who helps the needy ?

(D) Why does Anil help the needy ?

11. He will return your books on next Monday.

(A) What will he do on next Monday?

 (B) When did he return your books?

(C) When will he return your books?

(D) What has he done?

12. Mr.Khan could complete his task in time.

(A) What could Mr.Khan do in time? 

(B) How did Mr.khan complete the task?

(C) Whose task could Mr.Khan complete in time?

 (D) When could Mr.khan complete his task?

13. Nalin and his siblings reached the theatre very late.

(A) Who reached the theatre very late?

 (B) How did they reach the theatre?

(C) Who did reached the theatre very late?

(D) When did they reach the theatre very late?

14. The saint has taken a little fruit juice today.

(A) How many fruit juice did the saint take today?

(B) How much fruit juice did the saint take today?

(C) How much fruit juice has the saint taken today?

 (D) Who has taken fruit juice?

15. He won’t tell you even a single word.

(A) Who will not tell a single word?

 (B) Whom he will not tell a single word?

(C) Whom will he not tell a single word?.

 (D) Why will he not tell a single word to you?

16. Mr. K. M. Pandya is teaching a grammatical point in the class.

(A) What is Mr. K. M. Pandya teaching in the class?

(B) Which point is Mr. K. M. Pandya teaching?

(C) Why is Mr. K. M. Pandya teaching a point?

(D) How is Mr. K. M. Pandya teaching a grammatical point?

17. You must think twice before you speak.

(A) When must you think?

(B) What must you do before you speak?

(C) How many times must you think before you speak?

(D) Why must you think before you speak?

18. The procession will end at the Subhash Chandra Bose Chuak.

(A) When will the procession end?

(B) How will the procession end?

(C) Where will the procession end?

(D) Wose chauk will the procession end?

19. You can learn English by listening English news on T.V.

(A) What can I do to learn English?

(B) How can I learn English?

(C) Which is the best way to learn English?

 (D) Which news can I watch to learn English?

20. Crammering answers will mountain tesion.

(A) What will create mntain?

(B) What causes tension?

(C) What will mountain?

(D) What will mountain tension?

21. Devangi can take part in the elocution competition as she is good at speaking.

(A) How can Devangi take part?

(B) What can Devangi do?

(C) Why can Devangi take part in the elocution competition?

(D) Who can take part in the elocution competition?

22. Jenil is going to do his graduation at Baroda.

(A) What is Jenil going to do at Baroda?

 (B) Where jenil is going to do his graduation?

(C) Where is Jenil going to do his graduation? 

(D) Why is Jenil going to do his graduation?

23. Krupa has seen a young one of a parrot in the court yard.

(A) What did Krupa see in the court yard?

(B) Whose young one did Krupa see in the court yard?

(C) Whose young one Krupa has seen in the court yard?

(D) Whose young one has Krupa seen in the court yard?

24. He was having his meal when I knocked at the door.

(A) What was he doing?

(B) When was he having his meal?

(c) At what time was he having his meal? 

(D) Why was he having his meal then?

25. Hemani would spare some time for reading when she was in high school.

(A) When would Hemani spare time for reading? 

(B) Why would Hemani spare time for reading?

(C) How would Hemangi spare time for reading? 

(D) When Hemangi would spare time for reading?

26. The lieutenant wrote a few letters to Money.

(A) What did the lieutenant do to Money?

(B) How much letters did the lieutenant write to money?

(C) How many letters did the lieutenant wrote to Money?

(D) How many letters did the lieutenant write to Money?

27. When the spring arrives, all the trees wear colourful costumes.

(A) What happened when the spring arrived?

 (B) Why do all the trees wear colourful costumes?

(C) When do all the trees wear colourful costumes?

 (D) How do all the trees wear colourful costumes?

28. The smoke and gases cause air pollution.

(A) When does pollution create?

(B) Who causes pollution?

(C) What causes pollution?

(D) How pollution is created?

29. I will copy Nana Patekar’s acting in the comedy show?

(A) What wilL you do?

(B) Whose acting will you copy in the comedy show?

(C) How will you copy acting in the comedy show?

(D) Where will you copy acting of Nana patekar?

30. Your mobile shows that it has a low battery?

(A) What do your mobile show?

(B) What does your mobile shows?

(C) What does your mobile show?

(D) When does your battery show?

31. We should understand the word first and then you can use it in a sentence.

(A) What can you do using the word? 

(B) When can we use a word in a sentence?

(C) How can use a word in a sentence?

 (D)Who can use a word in a sentence?

32.If you copy answers, you will never be able to understand anything.

(A) How do you copy answer?

(B) When do you copy answers?

(C) What happens if you copy answers?

 (D) Why do you copy answers?

33. A person with resolution can cross a sea.

(A) Who can cross a sea?

(B) How can a person cross a sea?

(C) What can a person with resolution do?

 (D) What crosses a sea?

34. Mr.Rval’s son has cracked the G.P.S.C examination.

(A) What has Mr.Rval’s son cracked? 

(B) Who has cracked the examination?

(C) Which exam has Mr.Raval’s son cracked?

 (D) Whose son has cracked the exam?

35. Nupur always does yogas to cut her weight.

(A) What does Nupur want to do?

(B) Why does Nupur do Yogas?

(C) How does Nupur do Yogas?

(D) Who does yogas to cut her weight?

36. The government recruited 100000 young men in the administrative department.

(A) Why the government did recruited young men in the administrative department?

(B) Who recruit the young men in the administrative department?

(c) How many young men did the government recruit in the administrative department?

(D) How many young men the government recruited in the administrative department?

37.At the function I saw the minister in a very simple dress.

(A) Whom did you see in a very simple dress?

 (B) How did you see the minister?

(C) Whom did you see the minister?

(D) Who saw the minister in a very simple dress?

38. Sonu sings Sufi songs at the concert.

(A) Which song did Sonu sing at the concert?

(B) Which type of song does Sonu sing at the concert?

(C) How does Sonu sing songs at the concert?

(D) Whose song does Sonu sing at the concert?

(e) Why does Sonu sing Sufi songs?

39. My school is a kilometer away from my house.

(A) How far is your school from your house? 

(B) How long is your school from your house?

(C) How is your school far from your house?

(D) How often is your school from your house?

40. My uncle lives in a very big bungalow near Naranpura.

(A) How is your uncle’s bungalow?

(B) Where does your uncle live?

(C) Where did uncle live?

(D) Why does your uncle live in Naranpura?

41. Everybody was ready to donate one or another thing for the army.

(A) What did everybody ready to do? 

(B) What was everybody ready to do?

(C) For whom was everybody ready to donate one or another thing?

(D) When was everybody ready to give one or another thing for the army?

42. A summer vacation lasts for 35 days.

(A) How many does the summer vacation run? 

(B) How long does a summer vacation last

(C) How long does a summer vacation lasts?

 (D) How much does a summer vacation last?

43. Minty solved the difficult puzzle in an easy way.

(A) How does Minty solve the puzzle?

 (B) What did Minty solve?

(C) How did Minty solve the puzzle?

 (D) How Minty solved the puzzle?

44. Nency should stay at her maternal uncle’s place.

(A) At whose place did Nency stay? 

(B) At whose place should Nency stay?

(C) Where should Nency stay?

(D) Why should Nency stay at her maternal uncle’s place?

45. You can pay your electricity bill through Paytm.

(A) What can I do with my electricity bill ?

 (B) What can I do with Paytm?

(C) How can I pay my electricity bill?

(D) Can I Pay my bill through Paytm?

46. The problem was that Nirali didn’t want to study science.

(A) What did Nirali not want?

(B) why did Nirali not want to study science?

(D) what was Nirali’s problem?

(C) What was the problem?

47. Mithasing smokes for ten or more times a day.

(A) How many cigarettes does Mithasing smoke a day?

(B) What does Mithasing do a day?

(C) How often does Mithasing smoke a day?

(D) Why does Mithsing smoke?

48. Munna left study to help his old father in the business.

(A) How did Munna leave his old father?

 (B) What did Munna do to leave his old father?

(C) Why did Munna leave study?

(D) What happened with Munna?

49. He was not able to stand on his own?

(A) Who not able to stand on his own?

(B) Who was not able to stand on his own?

(C) Why was he not able to stand on his own? 

(D) How was not he able to do?

50. Mrs. Bhatt cut the cloth according to her size.

(A) What does Mrs.Bhatt do?

(B) How did Mrs.Bhatt cut cloth?

(C) What did Mrs.Bhatt cut?

(D) How much did Mrs.Bhatt cut cloth?

 

•   ANSWERS : EXERCISES. •

1.   1. Who went to U.S.A.

2. Who are friends?

3.Who respects Nana?

4. Who knows how the mistakes took place?

5. Who formed the rules of this company?

6.Who declared his innings at the end of the day?

7.Who will address a new session in the morning the next day?

8. Who defeated many boxers?

9.Who has been playing cricket for last many years?

10. Who started Quit India movement in 1942?

2.   1. Whom did I meet at the railway station?

2. Whom did I call as a chief guest?

3. Whom did Helen Keller ask to strike against war?

4. Whom did Walt Disney meet to discuss about The Rabbit?

5.By whom was The Best Actor award was declared?

6. Behind whom will he stand?

7. By whom was ‘Gitanjali written?

8. For whom were Mr. White and Mrs.White waiting?

9.To whom does the committee look to know the result?

10. From whom has Krutarth received that gift just now?

3.1.Whose cousin is Arpita?

2. Whose friend is Vinod?

3. Whose sister does Aradhana call daily?

4. Whose hand did Mrs. White keep in her hand?

5. To whose home did Suketu invite us?

6. Whose cartoons did Walt make?

7. Whose heart should I love before I love others?

8. Whose company does Vodafone take over?

9. In whose house did we live for more than 20 years?

10. For whose progress did Gandhiji wish freedom?

4.   1. Which serial did 100 million people watch?

2. On which machine do I fully trust?

3.Which movie did a quarter of billion people see in 1968?

4.Against which horror deeds were they ready to fight?

5. Which machine do I like?

6. By which buffalo was that Lion attacked?

7.Which game do I play manytimes?

8. Through which train did Aruna come Delhi?

9.Under which tree was Medha Patkar standing?

10. By which fruit was a scientist attracted?

5.   1. What is my name?

2. What did the manager own?

3.What did Anjana gift to please me?

4.What did Walt Disney establish?

5. What did Kavita get for her birthday?

6.What will the tourist like to watch in this meet?

7. What did I keep in Nana’s room?

8. What should the customer do to install love?

9.What is Kiran doing?

10. What are Arpita and Kavya doing?

6. 1.Where did Ami live?

2. Where was Gandhiji born?

3. Where did Morris work?

4.Where did Ants stop?

5.Where was the man painting rainbow?

6. From where does Narendra come?

7.Where should people deposit their money?

8. Where does the narrator meet his Nana?

9. From where did Mahatma start “Dandikuch?

10. Where do I see him?

7. 1. When did Suketu reach at the station?

2. When will I come there?

3.When did the doctor meet Nana?

4. When is the next bus to Goa?

5.When will she call me?

6.When does Kanhaiya want to see Radha?

7. When is the float procession?

8.When will we declare our innings?

9.From when will the admission be started?

10. When has New York passed an Emancipation act?

8.1. Why did Mary Kom win the gold medal?

2.Why did Ruchita invite Asha?

3. Why was I not allowed to attend the meeting?

4.Why do people buy CNG cars?

5.Why did Mrs. White wish to visit India?

6.Why does my papa work the whole day?

7.Why can’t India make progress?

8. Why do they elect Modiji?

9.Why does the lawyer constantly talk with him?

10. Why did the Indian government announce demonetization?

9.1. How is Ami?

2. How does Amitabh look?

3. How did Prithviraj Chauhan fight with Ghori?

4. How many dresses will Arti buy from this sale?

5. How much apple did Kripa buy?

6.How tall is Henry?

7.How old is Rucha?

8.How big is this house?

9.How much is this mobile phone?

10. How far is Ambaji from here?

• ANSWERS : MIXED EXERCISES

1. (D)  2.(A) 3. (B)  4. (D) 5. (A)  6. (B) 7. (D) 8. (A)  9. (B) 10. (D) 11. (C) 12. (C)  13. (A) 14.( C) 15. (C) 16. (B) 17. (C) 
2. (C) 19. (B) 20. (D) 21. (C) 22. (C)23. (D) 24. (B) 25. (A) 
3. (D) 27. (C) 28. (C) 29. (B) 30. (C) 31. (B) 32. (C) 33. (A) 

34.( C) 35. (B) 36. (C) 37. (A) 38. (B) 39. (A) 40. (B) 41. (C) 42. (A) 43. (C) 44. (B) 45. (C) 46. (C) 47. (C) 48. (C) 49. (B) 50. (C)

Introduction :

અંગ્રેજી ભાષામાં વાતચીત દરમિયાન થોડો મુંજવણ પ્રશ્ન હોય તો તે છે. “Knowledge of tenses” ગુજરાતી ભાષામાં આપણે વિવિધ પ્રકારનો કાળનો અભ્યાસ નથી કર્યો તેમ છતાં આપણે ગુજરાતી ભાષામાં વાતચીત કરી શકીએ છીએ પરંતુ અંગ્રેજી ભાષા આપણી માતૃભાષા નથી તેથી ક્યારેક ક્યારેક “કયું વાક્ય કયા કાળમાં બોલવું?” અને “તે કાળનું વાક્ય કેવી રીતે બોલવું?” જેવા પ્રશ્નો આપણે થાય. પરંતુ મિત્રો don’t worry જેમ જેમ અંગ્રેજી ભાષા ઉપર તમારું પ્રભુત્વ વધતું જશે તેમ તેમ tenses ના usage પર પણ તમારું પ્રભુત્વ વધતું જશે.

  The more you speak English, The more command you will have over use of tenses.

• મિત્રો આ પ્રકરણ તમે ધો-10/11માં અભ્યાસ કરી ગયા છો. અહી તમને ચાર-પાંચ વાક્યોની એક-text અાપવામાં આવેલ હશે. તે text ચોક્ક્સ Tense  ની હશે. તે text ને તમારે સૂચવ્યા મુજબ change કરવાની રહેશે.

• How to change the text•

Study the following guide lines to change the text.

1. First of all, read the text two times.

For Example : (Change the text)

Priya finished her work. She did not help others. She did her work herself. She. thought  that work is worship.

Start like : Priya has finished.

2.આપેલા text સાદા ભૂતકાળનાની છે કારણ કે તેમાં સમાવિષ્ટ ક્રિયાપદો જેવા કે finished, did not, did thought  વગેરે સાદો ભૂતકાળ સૂચવે છે.

3.Read the instruction (  સુચના વાંચો)

અહીં સુચના આપી છે, “Priya has finished…”

4.Decide the tense in which the given text is to be changed આપેલી text ને  ક્યાં કાળમાં રૂપાંતરીત કરવાની છે તે નક્કી કરો.

  અહીં આપેલ text ને પૂર્ણ વર્તમાનકાળ માં ફેરવવા છે. કારણ કે સૂચના માં has finished આપેલ છે અને આ ક્રીયાપદનું રૂપ પૂર્ણ વર્તમાન દર્શાવેલ છે.

5.જે tense માં આપેલી text ફેરવવાની છે તે tense ના form તેમજ તે tense ના વાક્ય કેવી રીતિ બનાવી શકાય છે. તે બાબતોની નોંધ કરો.

અહીં આ text માટે have/has + PP. ના રૂપમાં વાક્યો બનાવાય.

6. text ને જે tense માં ફેરવવાની છે તે tense માં ફેરવવા માટે આપેલા text માં કઈ કઈ જગ્યા એ ફેરફાર કરવા પડશે તે શબ્દો , શબ્દ સમૂહને underline  કરો.

For Example : પ્રશ્નમાં આપેલ text માંથી નીચેના શબ્દનું રૂપાંતર કરવું પડશે.     

did not help,

did,

thought,

is.

7. Underline  કરેલા શબ્દો/શબ્દ સમૂહને સૂચવેલા tense મુજબ ફેરફાર કરો.

For Example :

મૂળ શબ્દ/શબ્દસમૂહ.              ફેરફાર કરેલા શબ્દ, શબ્દસમૂહ

did not help                     – has not helped (કર્તા તરીકે she છે માટે       

                                          has મુકેલ છે.)

did                                      – has done

thought                               – has thought

1.                                   is( is માં કોઈ ફેરફાર નહિ થાય કારણ કે તે 

                                          કહેવતમાં આવેલ છે.) Work is worship.

8.સમય દર્શાવતા શબ્દોનો પણ text ને change કરતી વખતે ધ્યાનમાં લઈને તે શબ્દનો પણ સુચવેલા કાળ મુજબ ફેરફાર કરો.

For Example : 

    અહીં સમય દર્શાવતા શબ્દો આપ્યા નથી. પરંતુ જો વર્તમાનકાળનું વાક્ય હોય અને તેના today જેવા શબ્દો  આપ્યા હોય અને ત્યાં વાક્યનું ભૂતકાળમાં ફેરવવાના હોય તો તેનું રૂપાંતર yesterday માં કરવું. જેમ કે,

વર્તમાન કાળ                  ભૂતકાળ ભવિષ્યકાળ

to day                       Yesterday tomorrow

       –                      Last Monday next Monday

9. સનાતન સત્ય દશૉવતા કહેવતો, વૈજ્ઞાનિક નિયમો તેમજ અન્ય સત્યો દશવિતા વાક્યોમાં ફેરફાર ન કરવો.

For Example : આ વાક્યમાં કહેવત આપી છે.Work is worship તો તેમાં કોઈ change ન થાય.

10. સમગ્ર text ને change કરી ફરી એક વખત વાંચી જાઓ. Write it error free.

For Example: Answer of the question is given here.

Priya has finished her work. She has not helped others. She has done her work herself. She has thought that work is worship.

 મિત્રો, આપેલી  text ને ચોક્કસ કાળ મુજબ change કરતાં પહેલાં આપણે દરેક કાળ વિશે સમજીયે,

  નીચે અંગ્રેજી ભાષાના વિવિધ કાળની માહિતી ઉદાહરણ સાથે આપવામાં આવી છે તેનો અભ્યાસ કરી exercises ને solve કરવાથી આ પ્રશ્નને વધારે સરળતાથી સમજી શકીશું.

1. SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE

Tense ના list મા સૌ પ્રથમ આવતો આ કાળ વાતચીતમાં અને વ્યવહારમાં સૌથી વધુ ઉપયોગમાં લેવાય છે. કારણ કે આ Tense  દ્વારા સૌથી વધુ functions express કરી શકાય છે.

Remember :

Simple present tense is formed this way:

કતો + ક્રિયાપદનું મૂળ રૂ૫ (ત્રી.પુ.એ.વ.હોય તો જી/જ વાળું રૂપ)

દા. ત.,I play cricket, Sachin plays cricket.

  આ વાક્ય નકાર કે પ્રશ્નાર્થ કરવા માટે સહાયક ક્રિયાપદ Do  કે Does નો ઉપયોગ કરવો પડે.

દા . ત., I do not play, She does not play.

           Do I play? or Does she play?

   Simple present tense expresses following different functions

• Things that happen all time (હંમેશા) repeatedly (વારંવાર) or something that is true in general (બધાને લાગુ પડતી હોય).

• The earth moves round the sun. (all time)
• Doctor treats the patient. (true in general)
• Generally I get up at six. (repeatedly)

•   Habits, (ટેવ) instruction (સુચના)

–  Take left turn and go straight (instruction)

-I go to temple once in a week. (habit)

 

•   Proverbs, (કહેવતો) Scientific truth (વૈજ્ઞાનિક સત્ય), Commentary (રમતની કોમેન્ટ્રી)

-A stitch in time saves nine. (proverb)

-Water boils at 100° (scientific truth)

-India wins the toss. (commentary)

• Quotations are often expressed with says (કોઈને કહેલા સુવાક્યો સામાન્ય રીતે જઠ્ઠ અજ વડે દર્શાવાય છે

 

-Krishna says “Do your duty”

• Letter writing માં કેટલાક phrase આ કાળ દ્વારા લખાય.

-Ihere with enclose my mark sheet.

-I look forward for your reply.

-Don’t forget to come soon.

• Promise તેમજ કેટલાક phrases આ કાળ દ્વારા લખાય.

-I promise to work hard.

-I agree with you.

-I swear I won’t do it again.

-love your hobbies.

-I like your company.

Remember : આ પ્રકારની વાક્ય રચનામાં સામાન્ય રીતે every day, daily, always, often, every month, regularly, generally જેવા સમય દર્શક શબ્દોનો ઉપયોગ થાય છે.

જો વાક્ય passive રચના દર્શાવતું હોય તો ક્રિયાપદના રુપો તરીકે am/is/are + ભૂતકૃદંતનું રૂપ મૂકવું.

The match is won by Indians.

• કેટલીક વાક્ય રચના passive form દ્વારા રજુ કરવામાં આવે છે.

-The match is played between India and Pakistan.

-The result is declared through internet.

– I am asked to meet you.

-Cows are worshipped in India.

Examples : 

 

1. All religions lead us to the same goal.
2. The Gurkhas come from Nepal.
3. Experience teaches us many lessons.
4. The doctor advises us to take exercises regularly.
5. Wastage of time is not liked by us.

Exercise: 1.

   Fill in the blanks with appropriate forms of verbs given in the brackets.

1.I___not dishonest persons. (like)

2.Tanmay___ his work sincerely. (do)

3. People____ their representatives by voting. (elect)

4.Ghee___ from butter. (make)

5. Raj___ always in the school. (punish)

6. Elections___ every five years in India. (hold)

7.___you___ your work honestly? (do)

8.Many___festivals with great joy in our country. (Celebrate)

9. Apurva ___not__ classes regularly. (attend)

10. ___your cow __much milk? (give)

 Exercise-2 : Change the following sentences in to simple present tense.

1.Maya has finished her work.

2.They did not help us.

3 Arti had eaten last night.

4 Pooja never came here.

5. He said he was unhappy yesterday

6.It was a terrible incident for him because he met with an accident.

7.The manager ordered the clerk to bring a chair for the customer.

8.She did not ask him any questions because she believed what he said.

9. What did you do to meet your expenses?

10.He is reading a news paper now.

2. CONTINUOUS PRESENT TENSE

વર્તમાન માં ચાલુ હોય તેવી ક્રિયા દર્શાવવા માટે આ કાળનો ઉપયોગ થાય છે.

Remember:

 

 Continuous present tense is formed this way

 કર્તા + am/is/are + ક્રિયાપદનું ing વાળું રૂપ+ કર્મ

  I am writing an essay.

જો વાક્ય passive રચના દર્શાવતું હોય તો ક્રિયાપદના રૂપ તરીકે am/is/are + being + ભૂત કૃદંતનુ રૂપ મૂકવું.

          An essay is being written by me.

Continuous present tense expresses following different functions.

• જયારે બોલતી વખતે જે તે ક્રિયા ચાલુ હોય તે દેશવવા>

-Look, the bus is coming.

-Why are you dancing?

-It is raining. I need your umbrella.

• To talk about something that may be going on at the same time.

જે બે ક્રિયા હંમેશા સાથે બનતી હોય,

-I hate being disturbed when I am writing.

-You look charming while you are smiling.

• To talk about thing that annoy you.

તમને ગુસ્સો અપાવે તેવી ક્રિયા ૨જૂ કરવા આ સમયે ટ્ઠડ્ડમ્અજ જેવા શબ્દ હોઈ શકે .

-You are always asking such stupid questions.

• To indicate near future.

નજીકના ભવિષ્યમાં થવાની કોઈ ક્રિયા.

-My father is coming tonight.

-I am not going there.

– We are getting late.

  Remember :

આ પ્રકારની વાક્ય રચનામાં સમયદર્શક શબ્દો તરીકે now, look, see, listen, hear, hurry up, at this time, at present વગેરેનો ઉપયોગ થાય છે.

Example :

1. See, our president is hosting the Indian flag.

2. Listen, a good song is being sung by Mohit Chauhan.

3. Look, Dhoni and Irfan are batting marvelously on the cricket ground.

4. The patients are being taken to the Unity hospital.

5. My car is being repaired by the mechanic now.

Exercise-3 : Fill in the blanks with appropriate forms of verbs given in the brackets.

1.Budget___in the parliament now. (discuss)

2.Look, a rat____by a cat.(chase)

3.Some persons___ on the road now.(quarrel)

4. Please wait sir. Your car___ (repair)

5.I___a sketch of Sardar Patel at present.

6. Kavya and Khushi ____on the stage for their remarkable feat now. (award)

7. Mr. Pancholi____ a lecture on usefulness of water in the hall.(deliver)

8. Listen, you__ by someone.(call)

9. Don’t start eating now. Sweets___(serve)

10. Our scientists____ hard to invent the latest missiles.(tray)

Exercise-4 : Turn the following sentences into Present cont. tense.

1. I was reading a novel when you came.
2. The worker has worked properly at the spot of accident.
3. Who broke the window glass?
4. Mr. Patil will go Ahmedabad tomorrow.

5.Why did they not attend the party?

6.Will the government take action against terrorism in J&K?

7.Text book board will introduce new text book this year.

8.The result of the exam will be declared soon.

9.Many people were killed in riots.

10. Paresh had cleaned the room.

3. PERFECT PRESENT TENSE

જે ક્રિયા હમણાં જ કે નજીકના ભૂતકાળમાં પૂરી થઇ હોય અને વર્તમાનમાં રજૂ કરવામાં આવતી હોય તે દર્શાવવા આ કાળ વપરાય.

 

  Remember:

Perfect present tense is formed this way :

કર્તા + have / has (ત્રી.પુ.એ.વ. હોય તો) + ભૂતકૃદંત + કર્મ

    I have finished my work.

 

 જો વાક્ય passive ૨ચના દશાવતું હોય તો ક્રિયાપદના રૂપ તરીકે have / has + been +ભૂત કૃદંતનું રૂપ મુકવું.

    My work has been finished.

   The Perfect present tense expresses following different functions.

•   Action is completed in the past but it is related with present : (ક્રિયા ભૂતકાળમાં પૂરી થઈ પણ વર્તમાન સાથે સંબંધિત છે.)

     I have seen this movie.

  

(આ ચિત્ર મેં જોયેલું છે. means picture જોવાની action પૂરી થઈ ગયેલ છે.

• Action is finished but has strong impact on present : (ક્રિયા પૂરી થઈ ગઈ છે પરંતુ વર્તમાન પર તેની અસર છે.)

I have informed him about your choice.

(તમારી choice આ બાબતે મેં એમને informed કર્યા છે.It means તે જાણે છે.)

Ishita has cooked evening meal. (means she is free now)

We have not seen this movie. (means we want to see it)

કોઈ બાબતની જાણકારી મેળવવા માટે.

-Have you informed him?

-Have you sent his message?

-Have you read Kalapi’ ?

• To give new information or to announce a recent happening (હાલમાં બનેલા બનાવ રજૂ કરવા)

-Have you got cold? Your voice sounds funny.

-The U.S.A. Troops have captured the city.

  

• જે ક્રિયા હમણાં નથી બની પરંતુ it is still a part of our experience

-I have never had cold.

-We have visited Agra twice.

• કેટલાક expressions સાથે આ કાળ વપરાય છે

-This is the first time, I have seen the snake.

            – It’s third time you have been late.

•   Yet સાથે,

-Parth has not come yet.

-Haven’t they returned yet?

  Remember : આ પ્રકારની વાક્ય રચના માં  સમાયદર્શક શબ્દો તરીકે just, already, recently, ever, never, yet, since, for વગેરેનો ઉપયોગ થાય છે.

Example : 

1. We have already attended the lectures on Yoga.

2. Mr.Patel has taught English in this school for forty years.

3. We have got freedom since 1947.

4. Hiren is tired now. He has worked for two hours.

5. Have you ever tasted Chow-mein?

Exercise-5 : Fill in the blanks with appropriate forms of verbs given in the brackets.

1 India___ recently ___ 104 satellites (launch)

2.____ you ever____ to Goa? (be)

3. I ___Just ___my lunch. (have)

4. The Patanjali products ___in the market by Baba Ramdev. (introduce)

5.Montu___India for two months. (leave)

6.Mr. Modi___ our prime minister for three years.(be)

7. Nobody____ever___by me.(cheat)

8.Riddhi____already____ “the best student award’.(give)

9._____Dhruvi ____her work so far? (do)

10. Start eating now. Eveything_____ (serve)

Exercise-6 : Change the sentences into Perfect Present Tense.

1. Shivani is cooking “Bhakharwadi’.
2. I saw Singham’ two times.
3. Shruti did not ask anybody to help her.
4. Parul did not return my book.

5.Mr. R.B. Bhatt is not in the staff room. He must have gone out.

6. Sigma had not submitted her task yet.
7. Why are you creating chaos?
8. She does not share any secrets with us.

9.I saw him reading a novel.

10. What did Army do to join the police force?

4. PERFECT CONTINUOUS PRESENT TENSE

જે ક્રિયા ભૂતકાળમાં શરૂ થઈ હોય અને અત્યારે પણ ચાલુ હોય તે દર્શાવવા આ કાળ વપરાય.

Remember-:

 Perfect continuous present tense is formed this way :

 કર્તા+ have / has + been + ing વાળુ ક્રિયાપદ+ કર્મ

I have been playing cricket since morning.

 Perfect continuous present tense expresses following different functions.

• (કિયા ભૂતકાળમાં શરૂ થઈ અને અત્યારે પણ ચાલું હોય.)

-Sachin has been playing for India.

-I have been serving in The B.K.School of Management since 1991.

-Our teacher has been teaching in the class for last an hour.

•   જે ક્રિયા અત્યારે ચાલુ હોય અને નજીકના ભવિષ્યમાં ચાલુ રહે તેવી સંભાવના હોય.

-We have been enjoying freedom.

-India has been developing in different areas for last decade.

Remember :આ પ્રકારની વાક્ય રચનામાં સમય શબ્દો તરીકે since, for નો ઉપયોગ થાય છે આ કાળ passive  રચના બનતી નથી.

Example:

1. It has been raining heavily since midnight.

2. Dhairya has been playing computer game since 8.00 a.m.

3. Since when have you been staying here?

4. We have been living in this house since 1940.

5. Students have been reading books in the library for four hours.

Exercise-7 : Fill in the blanks with appropriate forms of verbs given in the brackets

1. We _____English since 8:00 am (learn)

2.It____ since the morning. (rain)

3.Madhuri____ since she came on the stage. (dance)

4.Riddhi and Dhruvi _____for an hour. (talk)

5. The commissioner____ his level best since he resumed his duties. (do)

6. Ravindra and Cheteshwar____ For two days. (bat)

7. Mr. Advani____ to be the prime minister for many years.

(wait)

8. Mary Kom___ hard to win the gold medal in Olympics.(practice)

9.Our brave soldiers____ Pakistani terrorists bravely for so many years. (face)

10. Nayan____ his lunch for past thirty minutes. (have)

Exercise-8 : Turn the following sentences into present perfect Continuous tense.

1. I am playing for India.
2. Dhoni has hit many sixes in IPL.
3. Are you running any company for the upliftment of poor people?
4. Why are the soldiers walk in marching on the border?
5. Sanjana is helping Krishna in his work.
6. I teach English in high school.
7. What is Maya doing there in my absence?
8. Radha and Aradhana meet every afternoon to inquire about latest development.

9.The captain is instructing the team member for their batting style.

10. How is she appealing us?

    

5. SIMPLE PAST TENSE

જે પ્રક્રિયા પૂરી થઈ ગઈ હોય તે દર્શાવવા આ કાળ વપરાય છે.

Remembar:

Simple past Tense is formed this way.

કર્તા + ક્રિયાપદ નું ભૂતકાળનું રૂપ +કર્મ

I played piano last night.

આ કાળનું પ્રશ્નાર્થ  કે નકાર કરવા માટે સહાયક ક્રિયાપદ did નો ઉપયોગ થાય. 

Did સાથે હંમેશા ક્રિયાપદનું મૂળરૂપ મુકાય.

I did not play piano last night.

Did I play piano last night?

Simple past tense expresses following different functions.

• To indicate the actions which are finished in the past (ભૂતકાળમાં થઇ ગયેલી ક્રિયા દર્શાવવા)

-I woke up at midnight yesterday.

-His mother died in 1998.

• Past fact (ભૂતકાળની હકીકત)

-India got freedom in 1947.

-First World War broke out in 1914.

• A series of past actions (ભૂતકાળની સંકળાયેલી ક્રિયાઓ)

-The thief came out from the room, jumped on the balcony, climbed the stairs and disappeared in the dark.

• The main function is to narrate stories or incídents ( મુખ્ય કાર્ય વાર્તા કે બનાવ રજૂ કરવા માટે)

-Once upon a time, a king lived on that mountain. He had many servants….

-I saw an accident Many people were injured. They were admitted to the hospital.

•   Used to infinitive indicates something happened regularly in the past. (used to +મૂળ રૂપ ભૂતકાળની વારંવાર થતી ક્રિયા દર્શાવે છે.)

-Gandhiji used to wear Khadi in Africa.

-I used to get up early at school in my childhood.

Remember: જો વાક્યpassive રચના દર્શાવતું હોય તો ક્રિયાપદના રુપ તરીકે was / were + ભૂતકૃદંતનું  રૂપ મૂકવું.

The result was declared yesterday.

He was congratulated by the Principal.

The match won by India.

    કેટલીક વાક્ય રચના passive form દ્વારા વધુ યોગ્ય રીતે રજૂ કરી શકાય છે.

The injured were hospitalized.

The winners were congratulated.

Pakistan was defeated in Kargil war.

  Remember : આ પ્રકારની વાક્ય રચનામાં સમયદર્શક શબ્દો તરીકે

yesterday, last year, last month, in 1980, once, in the past, in ancient time વગેરેનો ઉપયોગ થાય છે.

Example : 

1. Shiv finished his homework before one hour.

2. I reached the theatre and the show began.

3. I saw an elephant in the zoo last Sunday.

4. We had no classes yesterday.

5. India became free in 1947.

Exercise-9 : 

 Fill in the blanks with appropriate forms of verbs given in the

brackets.

1. Our freedom fighters_____ their job at their best in the past. (do)

2. India _____108 satellites last week.(launch)

3. The thief _____after a long chase. (arrest)

4. Chocolates____ in the class by Kavya yesterday. (distribute)

5.____Madhuri ___Anil last night? (meet)

6. Jhanavi____ first in the class last year. ( stand)

7. Indian team_____not____a  single match last month. (play)

8.________ Prizes by the chief guest. (give)

9. Kohli______ well in the last match. (bat)

10. _______you Manali the previous year. (visit)

Exercise-10 : 

 Turn the following sentences into simple past tense.

1. I do not do this any time to cure it.
2. Mega is cleaning the road to maintain cleanliness.
3. Rutu comes here at 10 on Sunday morning.

4 Arzy had been sent to Jail for punishment of a crime.

5. Krishna is studying in Gurukul High School.
6. Trisha does not create any fake account of facebook.
7. Why was she crying there?

8.Mobile and internet make the people crazy.

9. I see your mistakes yet I don’t say you anything.
10. Kavita always helps me in critical circumstances.

6. CONTINUOUS PAST TENSE

       જે ક્રિયા ભૂતકાળ માં ચોક્કસ સમયે ચાલુ હતી તે દર્શાવવા આ કાળનો ઉપયોગ થાય છે.

Remember :

   Continuous past tense is formed this way :

 કર્તા + was / were + ing વાળું ક્રિયાપદ + કર્મ

I was reading an English book.

I તેમજ ત્રી.પુ.એ.વ. સાથે was આવે બાકીના કર્તા સાથે were આવે,

જો વાક્ય passive રચના દર્શાવતું હોય તો ક્રિયાપદના મૂળ તરીકે was / were + being + ભૂતકૃદંતનું  રૂપ મૂકવું.

An English book was being read by me.

   Continuous past tense expresses following different functions.

•   It indicates the action which was going on at particular time in the past. (ભૂતકાળના ચોક્કસ સમયે જે ક્રિયા ચાલુ હોય તે દર્શાવવા માટે)

-When you came, I was reading.

-While she was cooking, I called her.

-Yesterday at 10, I was driving a car.

•   The expressions like: I was wondering, I was thinking and I was hoping are used to make request or suggestion more politely. (નમ્રતાથી કોઈ વિચાર રજુ કરવા)

-I was thinking if I could use your motorcar.

-I was wondering if you allow me to accompany you.

•   ભૂતકાળની કોઈ આબેહુબ ઘટના ને રજુ કરવા.

It was very hot…..People were running here and there. Children were shouting and animals were leaving their yard.

Remember : આ પ્રકારની  વાક્ય રચનામાં રીતે મળ સમયદર્શક શબ્દો તરીકે when , while, then,at that time  વગેરેનો ઉપયોગ થાય છે.

   While સાથે સામાન્ય રીતે  was / were + ing વાળું રૂપ આવે છે. જો વાક્ય  When વાળું હોય તો when સાથે સાદો ભૂતકાળ જ્યારે તેની સાથે બાકીના વાક્યમાં was/were+ing વાળું રૂપ આવે.

દા. ત., While the man was coming, I called him.

           When I called the man, he was dancing.

Example:

1.When the teacher came, the students were talking.

2. Mr.Sharma met with an accident while he was driving his scooter fast.

3. When Nikhil was playing volleyball, he fell on the ground.

4. The scorpion was seen while Nehru was moving in the garden.

5.When my friend came at 5.00 pm, we were getting ready to go in the marriage procession.

Exercise-11 :

   Fill in the blanks with appropriate forms of verbs given in the brackets.

1.Rahane entered while Kohli ___the playing eleven. (address)

2.When Shyam came, news ______on zee news. (telecast)

3. ‘The Kapil Sharma show’ ____by us at 9:30 PM. yesterday.

(watch)

4.Some rowdies attacked Arunima while she____ by a train.

(travel)

5. There was a blast while we_____in the garden.(walk)

6. When the principal came, sweets _____in the class.

(distribute)

7.Nathuram Godse fired while Gandhiji____ in the morning.

(pray)

8.Melodious bhajans____ on Vividh Bharti Radio in the previous morning. (broadcast)

9.I____with Madhuri when Mr. Nene entered. (talk)

10. It ____heavily when we reached Manali. (rain)

Exercise-12 : 

 

 Turn the following sentences into the Continuous past tense.

1. We played cricket yesterday.

2.When they came, we had written your home work.

3.Aradhya had organized a tour for Kashmir

4.Did Ami sing for Viral on her birthday?

5. Why did he go to U.S.A. in critical situation?

6.They have returned from South Col.

7.We are joining the police force to serve the nation.

8.Was they treated well there?

9.Hetal and Sweety did not watch any English Movies.

10. Rajni Sir taught Indirect narration there.

7. PERFECT PAST TENSE

ભૂતકાળમાં કોઈ એક ક્રિયા બનતા પહેલા જે ક્રિયા પૂરી થઈ ગઈ હોય તે દર્શાવવા માટે આ કાળ વપરાય છે.

Remember :

Perfect past tense is formed this way :

કતૉ+ had + ભૂતકૃદંત + કર્મ

I had finished my work before 10 last night.

 જોવાક્ય passive રચના દર્શાવતું હોય તો ક્રિયાપદના રૂપ તરીકે had + been + ભૂતકૃદંતનૂ રૂપ મૂકવું.

My work had been finished by him before 10 last night.

Perfect past tense expresses following different functions.

• When we talk about two events in the past, we use the past perfect tense to describe event in the distant past. (ભૂતકાળમાં બનેલી ક્રિયાઓમાં પ્રથમ ક્રિયા આ કાળ દ્વારા દર્શાવાય.)

The teacher had left the class before I went.

By the time I reached the station, the train had arrived.

Remember:- 

  You cannot use the past perfect on its own It has to be used with the simplt past.

(પૂર્ણ ભૂતકાળનો એકલો ઉપયોગ ન થઇ શકે. ભૂતકાળની સૂચક કોઈ અન્ય શબ્દ તેની સાથે જોડાયેલ હોવો જોઈએ.

We should not say:

I had given you a note, where is it?

We should say:

I had given you a note before you demanded, where is it? or

I had given a note when we met last, where is it?

• It also expresses unfulfilled wishes, hopes, etc. ( પુરી ન થયેલી ઈચ્છાઓ રજૂ કરવા)

-I wish I had wings of the birds.

• It is vastly used in reported speech.

(Indirect speech માં આ કાળનો વધુ ઉપયોગ થાય છે.)

-My father said that I had been sent here to solve your problem.

-I asked if he had finished the task.

-Krishna knew that he had cheated his loving mother.

• It indicates unfulfilled conditions.

-If Baby had worked hard, he might have got first class.

-Had you been here, you would have asked for leave.

Remember

સમય દર્શાવતા શબ્દો તરીકે before, after, when વગેરેનો ઉપયોગ થાય છે. કેટલીક વાર  if વાળી unfulfilled condition સાથે આ રચનાનો ઉપયોગ થાય છે. Indirect speech ના વાક્યો જેવા કે, I knew that, I believed that, He said that, he asked it સાથે પણ આ કાળનો ઉપયોગ થાય છે.

Example :

1. Krishna said that her Gujarati assignment had been completed by her

2. The guests had arrived before we reached home.

3. The doorkeeper asked me whether I had bought a ticket.

4. Jayesh got succeeded because he had worked hard.

 

5. Kamlesh had swept the room before the guests arrived.

Exercise-13 : Fill in the blanks with appropriate forms of verbs given in the brackets :

1.We____independent before 1950.(became)

2.There ___’a huge banyan tree many years ago.(be)

3. The question papersb____before the squad member came. (distribute)

4. Dhwani______ her meal before the guest arrived.(take)

5. Kavya left the stage after the prayer____ (perform)

6. Robbers_____ before they could commit the crime. (catch)

7. Lajja_____hard before winning the competition.(work)

8.Khushi came after the speech_____ over.(be)

9.Prizes____away before the chief guest entered.(give)

10. Second innings______ by Kohli before the lunch.(declare)

Exercise-14 :Turn the following sentences into the Perfect past tense.

1. Akruti was sent to jail for a crime.
2. Arti was singing a song for the prayer.
3. Kishor Kumar was performing on the stage in U.S.A.
4. Did she get your order in written form?
5. The match was won by the Mumbai Indians yesterday
6. Sachin hit six on the last ball last night.
7. We will go to Agra next week to see the famous Tajmahal.
8. Krishna saw ‘Dabang’ two times.
9. Sanjana advised Krishna to read more to make his career.
10. Last night I saw Kavita watching ‘Behad’.

8. SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE AND SIMPLE MODAL     

       AUXILIARY

જે  ક્રિયા ભવિષ્યમાં થવાની છે તે દર્શાવવા આ કાળ વપરાય. વિવિધ Model દર્શાવવા (ability possibility વગેરે) Simple Model auxiliary નો ઉપયોગ થાય છે.

 Remember : Simple future tense is formed this way :

 કર્તા + shall / will +  ક્રિયાપદ નું to વિનાનું રૂપ+ કર્મ

  I shall meet you tomorrow.

સામાન્ય રીતે I અને we સાથે shall આવે જ્યારે બાકીના કર્તા સાથે will સહાયક આવે.

જો વાક્ય passive રચના દશાવતું હોય તો ક્રિયાપદ ના રૂપ તરીકે shall / will + be + ભૂતકૃદંતનું રૂપ મુકવું.

She will be selected by the Manager for this job.

Simple future tense expresses following different functions.

• It indicates the events which are likely to happen in future. 

(ભવિષ્યમાં  બનવાની ઘટના રજૂ કરવા)

-I shall go by bus.

-Your result will be declared soon.

-The doctor will examine him tomorrow.

•   Conditional clause માં આ કાળનો ઉપયોગ થાય છે..

-If you come, I will help you.

-If it rains, the meeting will be cancelled.

• To make predictions (ધારણા કરવા)

-Oil prices will go up.

-It’l rain soon.(There are clouds in the sky)

•   To talk about future plan (ભવિષ્યના plan રજુ કરવા)

-We will reach the station at nine and will meet you there.

Remember :- 

  shall અને will બંનેને short મા ‌I’ll લખાય. Will not ને won’t તરીકે લખાય.

‘ To be going to દ્વારા પણ સાદો ભવિષ્યકાળ રજૂ કરી શકાય shall કે will ને To be going to’ મુકાય.

I am going to meet him.

We are going to attend this meeting.

• going to દ્વારા તેમજ  to be + ing દ્ધારા પણ સાદો ભવિષ્યકાળ રજૂ કરી શકાય.

-We are going to hide the facts.

-We are hiding the facts.

– will hide the facts.

•   Ability  દર્શાવવા can’ નો ઉપયોગ થાય.

-I can do this work

•   Possibility, Probability, Permission માટે ‘may નો ઉપયોગ થાય.

-It may rain today.

-May I come in sir?

• ‘ Choice’ પુછવા માટે  ‘world’ નો ઉપયોગ થાય. વિનંતી માટે પણ would વપરાય.

-Would you take tea or coffee?

-Would you help me?

•   નૈતિક   ફરજ માટે સલાહ સૂચન માટે should વપરાય.

-You should help your brother.

• ફરજિયતપણું દર્શાવવા must  વપરાય.

-We must cross road at zebra crossing.

Remember : આ પ્રકારના વાક્યોમાં સમયદર્શક તરીકે  tomorrow, next week, next year, in 2020 વગેરેનો ઉપયોગ થાય છે.

Example:

1. Next Friday our teacher will teach English.

2. We wii have a test next week.

3. The girls will go to the library in the next period.

4.Who will tell  a story tomorrow?

5.In future computer technology wii be used in school education.

6 Amee can drive a car.

7. It may rain today.

Exercise-15 : Fill in the blanks with appropriate forms of verbs given in the brackets.

1.Manan____a luxurious bungalow in future.( have)

2. There ____an exciting final match tomorrow.(be)

3. Kavya____ the first prize in tomorrow’s competition. (get)

4. You____your photographs next week. (give)

5. India____sophisticated satellite next month. (launch)

6. “Dhamal-3’____in coming vacation. (release)

7. The brilliant students___ during the next month. (honor)

8. I____the Mercedeze car in 2018. (have)

9. Khushi_____a nice gift for jhanvi. (buy)

10. Mr. Raval_____ verb forms in the class tomorrow. (teach)

Exercise-16 Turn the following sentences into simple future tense.

1. He went Agra last year.
2. Akruti asked for piza last night.
3. I walked two km. yesterday.
4. Krishna called his friends on his birthday.
5. Our result was declared yesterday.

6.They had finished the task in time .

7. Why did Dhony not play in the last match.
8. Indian government has declared new pay commission recently.
9. When have we followed new education policy?
10. Samsung has launched new model which is like i-phone.

Exercise-17 : Simple Modal Auxiliaries.

1. We______our neighbours. (should+love)

2.Duty _______honestly everywhere.(should+do)

3.Ajay ____not _____heavy food due to stomach problem. (cant +take)

4.There are dark clouds in the sky. It______ tonight.

(may+rain)

5.I___to introduce my new friend, Mr. Modi to you. (would+like)

6.Tanvi’s performance is good. The prize___to her.(may +give)

7.This heavy bag_____not_______ by  anybody.(can+carry)

8.______any one_____a horse drink water?(can+ make)

9. Dhananjay_____ in the final team by the selectors.

( may+include)

10.Aayushi___the first rank because of her hard work.

(could+get)

9. PERFECT FUTURE TENSE

ભવિષ્યમાં ચોક્કસ સમયે કોઈ ક્રિયા પુરી થઈ ગઈ હશે તેવું દર્શાવવા માટે આ કાળનો ઉપયોગ થાય છે.

Remember :

     Perfect future tense is formed this way:

    કર્તા + shall / will + have + ભૂતકૃદંત+કર્મ

   I shall have finished my work by 10.

જો વાક્ય passive રચના  દર્શાવતું હોય તો ક્રિયાપદના રૂપ તરીકે  shall/ will + have + been+ભૂતકૃદંતનુ રૂપ મૂકવુ.

You will have been given your result by June.

Perfect future tense expresses following different functions.

•   It indicates the action which is expressed to be completed by certain time in future.

(ભવિષ્યમાં ચોક્કસ સમયે ક્રિયા પૂર્ણ થઈ ગઈ હશે તેવું દર્શાવવા માટે)

-I will have reached Ambaji by 11.

-(હું અગિયાર વાગ્યા સુધીમાં અંબાજી પહોંચી ગયો હોઈશ.).

-Your result will have been declared by end of May.

-(મે ના અંત સુધીમાં તમારા પરિણામ ધોષિત થઈ ગયું હશે.)

-You will have met him before 10 this morning.

-(આજે સવારે 10 વાગ્યા સુધીમાં તમને મળી લીધું હશે.)

Remember :આ પ્રકારના વાક્યોમાં સમય દર્શક તરીકે  by next week, by tomorrow, by Diwali વગેરે શબ્દસમૂહનો ઉપયોગ થાય.

Example:

1. By the next year, Mr.Sharma will have finished 12 years in this college.

2 By the 2014, NIsha will have completed her Ph.D.

3. Dr.Manmohan singh will have implemented many new scheme for economical upliftmen of India.

4. Sunita will have became a doctor in 2015.

5. The annual program of the school will have been held in next December.

Exercise-18 : Fill in the blanks with appropriate forms of verbs given in the brackets.

1. By the next year, I______10 years in this school. (finish)

2. By the next month, we ____all the tenses in English.

(discuss)

3. Before the next year, you_____master over English. (get)

4.I____my work by the time you come back from the market. (finish)

5.You____ home safely before it gets dark.(reach)

6. By the time you reach there, the meeting____ over.(be)

7.Within a year, you_____ how to write correct English.(learn)

8.Saurabh______ to the U.S. within a week.(fly)

9. Within a month, Mayur______ his sweetheart.(marry)

10. I____ this house when he comes back build.

Exercise-19 : Turn the following sentences into perfect future tense.

1. I will complete my work in time.
2. India will become the developed nation by 2020.
3. We introduced a new book grammar learning.
4. Krishana saw ‘Humsafar’.
5. I will buy a new i-phone next week.

6.Our pm declared a new education policy last year.

7. Your result will be declared tomorrow evening.
8. The game was not finished.
9. Poojan met Rajan last night
10. I will join college next week.

10. PERFECT MODAL AUXILIARY

ભૂતકાળમાં બનેલી કોઈ ઘટના અંગે પ્રતિક્રિયા આપવા માટે કોઈ બની ગયેલી ઘટના અંગે સલાહ કે સુચન આપવા માટે કે ધારણા માટે આ તેના પ્રકારની વાક્ય રચનાનો ઉપયોગ થાય છે.

Remember: A Perfect modal auxiliary is formed this way:

 કર્તા + modal + have + ભૂતકૃદંત + કર્મ

  would have helped him.

(હું એને મદદ કરી શક્યો હોત)

•   જો વાક્ય  passive રચના દર્શાવતું હોય તો ક્રિયાપદ ના રૂપ તરીકે  modal + have + been + ભૂતકૃદંત નું રૂપ મૂકવું.

-He would have been helped by me.

•   જો ક્રિયા ભૂતકાળની બનેલી હોય તો  will / shall નુ would, May નુ might, તેમજ can નુ could કરવું.

  Perfect modal auxiliaries expresses following different functions.

• ભૂતકાળમાં બનેલા બનાવ અંગે પ્રતિક્રિયા આપવા.

-If I had told him, he would have helped you.

-(જે મેં તેને કહ્યું હોત તો, તેણે તને મદદ કરી હોત)

-If the doctor had come, the patient would have been saved.

-(જો ડોક્ટર આવ્યા હોત તો, દર્દીને બચાવી લેવામાં આવ્યો હોત)

• Possibility ( શક્યતા રજૂ કરવા)

-Had you worked more, you might have passed.

-(જો વધુ મહેનત કરી હોત તો કદાચ તું પાસ થઇ ગયો હોત)

-I think he may have seen you.

-(મને લાગે છે એને તને જોયો હશે).

• બની ગયેલી ઘટના સંદર્ભે સલાહ કે સુચન કરવા.

-You should have used bike.

-(તું બાઈકનો ઉપયોગ કરી શક્યો હોત એટલે કે બાઈકનો ઉપયોગ ન કર્યો.)

-You should have informed me earlier.

-(તુ મને પહેલાથી માહિતગાર કરી શક્યો હોત).

• Probable assumptions (ધારણા કરવા)

The road is wet.

Assumption : It must have rained.

                     Your friend is laughing.

Assumption :You must have said something funny.

Remember :

સામાન્ય રીતે If….had  વળી વાક્યરચનામા If વાળું વાક્ય પૂર્ણ ભૂતકાળમાં હોય છે અને બાકીનું વાક્ય perfect model auxiliary વાળું હોય છે.

Example:

1.If he had not applied the brakes soon, he would have met with an accident.

2.I suppose you must have left your umbrella there.

3.It’s your fault. You should have counted  all the notes before leaving the counter.

4.You could have given him the cheque if there was no cash with you.

5.I think Pankaj must have failed in the examination as he looks sad.

Exercise- -20 : Fill in the blanks with appropriate forms of verbs given in the brackets.

1. The Narmada Project_____ by 2020. (complete)

2. We______ Haridwar by tomorrow. (reach)

3.I____my work by evening .(Finish)

4.The Kapil Sharma show’______’ by 9:30 p.m. tonight.

(telecast)

5.Abhishek_______ his new film by coming month.(release)

6. Had Kavya walked fast, she_____ the bus.(could + catch)

7. If Raj had taken care, the accident_____.(Could + avoid)

8. All the rooms are empty. The students out_____.(may + go)

9.The results________by next June.(declare)

10. Khushi______a successful doctor by 2022.(become)

11. If Manan had been there, he_______ you.(might + scold)

12. Anubhav_____ by the time you reach there.(honour)

13. Had shyam been present, he____you.(would + support)

14. Priya_______all the letters by evening.(type)

15. ‘Gear’_____in India by pranav mistry by next year..(introduce)

16. We _____our work by next week.(do)

17. If Nirnay had been careful, the mirror___ not.(might+break)

18. Had chinmay seen you, he_____ you.(would+call)

19. India ____.The match by Sunday.(win)

20. New Medical college____ in Mehsana by 2018.(setup)

      MIXED EXERCISE

Exercise-21 : Do as directed.

1.   The robots obey their master. They never question his order. The master gives rewards to his robots. He never disappoints them.

Start like : The Robots obeyed…

2. The boy has finished his work. He is ready to go out. He does not wish to leave anything there so he has brought everything with him before other comes.

Start: The boy had…

3. He says that he is busy. He believes that everybody lives his life as per belief. He does not think that other people also affect them.

Start:He said

4. Riya had completed her work befor you came. She had already submitted her assignments in time.She did not wish to be said lazy.

Start : Riya has..

5.   Mrs. Patel goes to the market everyday. she buys some grocery things and vegetables. she does not waste much time in market. She visits the temple on the way back home.

Start : Mrs. Patel went…

6.   I like my school because there are children from different families. Children come to school and go home together. All the children learn the same thing. They play together and help one another. The teachers are real people who solve our problems.

Start: I liked…

7. Manisha was a member of a middle class family. She studied in Std.10″. She worked as a computer operater. She got up early morning. She helped her family.

Start: Manisha is…

8.   Tomorrow my friend and I will go to my uncle’s house. He will welcome us. My aunt will prepare tea and samosa. We will enjoy the breakfast and tea. We will go round my uncle’s farm. We will eat mangoes also. We will talk about the crops with my uncle.

Start : Yesterday….

9. There is a hunter. He goes to the forest. He spreads his net and catches some birds in it. The bird do not know what to do. They think something and soon they all fly away together.

Start: There was….

10. My parents help me with my studies everyday. They sit by me and guide me to complete my home work and also watch T.V. programmes for a short time everyday.

Start: My parents helped..

11. Shyam worked hard. Laxman helped him. They were studious persons. They succeeded very much.

Start like this: Shyam works hard___

   

12. The teacher is teaching now. Are all the students interested? Perhaps, they are not. The teacher does not teach them well.

Start like this: Amit was___

13.   we went to Baroda yesterday. There was a fun fair on the Municipal ground. We had various tasty dishes there. We enjoyed too much.

Start  like this: we will go___

14. Sanjana obeys her parents. She does her work honestly. She does not ignore them. Isn’t she an obedient girl?

Start like this: Sanjana obeyed______

15. Prem Chopra is a cruel villain. He asks for money and grain from the people of Rampur. He has escaped once from jail. He has killed jay too.

Start like this: Prem Chopra was a____

   

16. You can see, there are flowers and flowers. Green meadows and white clouds create a panoramic view. What place is this? Can you guess?

Start like this: You could____

17.   A National park has a defined boundary, through which no person could get into without permission. The visitors could observe the park by a vehicle which routed through defined trails. Right of people did not belong to people.

Start like this: A national park has a defined____

18. They know what his name is. It is Mitra, a friend. It cannot walk. We feed him so that it may survive.

Start like this: They knew what_____

19. “I don’t know, papa. It has just arrived.” Riya was puzzled. “it came from the sky,” she showed the route of the ball with her frightened eyes.

Start like this: I didn’t know_____’

20. From Salim Ali’s book ‘Indian Birds’ Priya found out that it was a duck. Its beak was broad like a shovel. It had bright blue feathers. At the moment it looked exhausted.

Start like this: From Salim Ali’s book ‘Indian birds Priya will find___

21. India will have rich and prosperous society. We will be great and powerful in the world. We shall have a long democratic history. We shall be the best.

Start like this: India has rich______

22.We opened the door and stepped of the foot board. We were deeply disappointed. We felt we had to do something, and So I ran up to the station master and asked, “Did you see the girl who sold baskets?

Start like this: We open the door____

23. Yoga offers a time-trusted technique for whole development. It is one of the most powerful science. It is considered to be the most ancient science. It has the capacity to bring about fundamental transformation in the individual.

Start like this: Yoga will offer a______

24. Sanjana requests you to look at the picture. What do you notice? Isn’t it funny? There is a monkey who has a newspaper in his hand and is reading it.

Start like this: Sanjana requested_____

25. Priya studied in her mother tongue and later joined Oxford University. She was like any other child but her IQ powered her to the 1st  rank in every year. She spent 5 years at Cambridge College She was good in every activity.

Start like this: Priya had studied____

26. While I was distributing papers, Manthan entered. All the students looked at him but nobody respon

So, Manthan was surprised.

Start like this: While I am distributing

26. While I was distributing papers, Manthan entered. All the students looked at him but nobody nobody responded.So, Manthan was surprised

Start like this: While I am distributing_____

27. Having done my work, I went out. I saw that there was a huge crowd. Surrounding two men.There was a quarrel between them. All enjoyed the scene but nobody interrupted.

Start like this: Having done my work, I shall go out____

28. I Really feel relieved and happy with just a thought that I will pursue a profession which has incorporated my hobbies and my values. I will never be bored but will enjoy working. Haven’t you done a great job. Mr.Raval?

Start like this: I really felt relieved_____

29. Jay did everything sincerely. Did he do his duty seriously? Yes, he did because he wanted to regain his fame which he had lost in the past. It seemed surprising to everyone.

Start like this: Jay does everything_____

30. The Annual Day will be celebrated on 15th May. Mr. Rohit will be present there. We shall present various dances. Our cultural committee will hold the programme. Roshny will handle the whole program.

Start like this: The annual day is celebrated_____

31. There are dark clouds in the sky. It may rain tonight. It will be troublesome for people. There canvbe a shortage of many things so people are requested to be alert.

Start like this: There were dark clouds____

32. How much land does a man need? Have you ever thought? Man is not satisfied with what he has. He struggles a lot and gets something. He has to try hard to survive.

Start like this: How much land did_____

33.”We haven’t got a deal,” Walt admitted. The distributor copyrighted Oswald and he is taking over the series himself “Strangely, Walt did not seen downhearted”.

Start like this: We hadn’t got a____

 34.“ What do you do with all your money?” A friend once asked him. Pointing at the studio,Walt said, “I fertilize that field with it. I ploughed money back into the company almost as fast as came in”.

Start like this: What did you do with____

35. Sergeant continued, “It would bring a disaster. It had caused enough trouble already.” He threw the paw upon the fire. But Mr.White was curious and wanted to tést the powers of the monkey’s paw.

Start like this: Sergeant will continue_____

36. Morris said: “An old fakir put a spell on it. He was a very holy man and he wanted to show that fate ruled people’s lives, and that to interfere with fate, only caused deep sadness”.

Start like this: Morris will say____

37. Suddenly there were sounds of cracks and thunder. The house started collapsing. The roof, walls and staircase started falling down. They rushed towards the ground and then ran towards main gate of the villa.

Start like this: Suddenly there are____

38. Riya was reading a novel. Vaidehi entered. She asked

 her,”Why did you not attend school?” Riya replied her that she did not remain absent but Vaidehi often left English lecture.

Start like this: Riya is reading a novel_____

39. Once there lived a very wise man. Who was famous for his wisdom? He would play practical jokes and helped people. People did not disobey him and he also respected other people.

Start like this: There lives a very_____

 40.India won the gold medal in shooting. There was a great celebration. There were many people at the airport to welcome the champion. They cheered loudly. They also clapped for the winner.

Start like this: India had won_____

41.All around you can see, there are flowers and flowers. Green meadows and White clouds create a panoramic view. What place is this? Can you guess?

Start like this : All around you could____       [March 2018]

42. Sanjana requests you to look at the picture. What do you notice? Isn’t it funny? There is a monkey who has a newspaper in his hand and is reading it.

Start like this: Sanjana requested_____.              [July 2018]

43.Shilpa teaches Maths in in the secondary section of Shanti Niketan school. She inspires the students to get good marks in Maths. The staff appreciate her teaching method.

Start like this : Maths is taught by……..            [March 2019]

44. Sumitra opens a opens a savings account in Canara Bank. She deposits Rs. 10.000 every month. She never withdraws money from her savings account.

Start like this : Sumitra opened a savings…. [March 2019]

ANSWERS – EXERCISE

Ex. 1

1. do, like

2.does

3.elect

4. is made
5. is punished

6.are hold

7. Do, do
8. are celebrated
9. does, attend
10. Does, give

Ex.2. 

1. Maya finishes her work.

2.They do not help us.

3. Arti eats to night.
4. Pooja never comes here.
5. He says he is unhappy today.
6. It is a terrible incident for him because he meets with an accident.

7.The manager orders the clerk to bring a chair for the customer.

8. She does not ask him any questions because she believes what he says.
9. What do you do to meet your expenses?
10. He reads a news paper every day.

Ex3. 

1. is being discussed
2. is being chased
3. are quarreling
4. is being repaired
5. am drawing
6. are being awarded
7. is delivering

19. will have finished
20. will have discussed

3.will have got

4.will have finished

5. will have reached

6.will have been

7. will have learnt
8. will have flown
9. will have married
10. will have built

1.I will have completed my work in time.

2. India will have become the developed nation by 2020.

3.We will have introduced a new book grammar learning.

4. Krishana will have seen ‘Humsafar’.

5. I will have bought a new i-phone by next week.

6. Our pm will have declared a new education policy by next year.

7.Your result will have been declared by tomorrow evening.

8. The game will not have been finished.

9. Poojan will have met Rajan by next night.

10. I will have joined college by next week.

20.

1. will have been completed
2. shall have reached

3.shall have finished

4.will have been telecast

5. will have released

6.could have caught

7. could have been avoided
8. may have gone
9. will have been declared
10. will have become
11. might have scolded
12. will have been honoured
13. would have supported
14. will have typed
15. will have been introduced
16. shall have done
17. might have been broken

18.would have called

19. would have won

20.will have been set up

     ANSWERS MIXED EXERCISE

1.The Robots obeyed their master They never questioned his order. The master gave rewards to his robots. He never disappointed them.

2.The boy had finished his work. He was ready to go out. He did not wish to leave anything there so he had brought everything with him before other came.

3.He said that he was busy. He believed that everybody lived his life as per his belief. He did not think that other people also affected them.

4. Riya has completed her work before you come. She has already submitted her assignments in time. She does not wish to be said lazy.

5. Mrs. Patel went to the market yesterday.she bought some grocery things and vegetables.she did not waste much time in market. She visited the temple on the way back home.

6. I liked my school because there were children from different families. Children came to school and went home together. All the children learned the thing. They played together and helped one another. The teachers were real people who

solved our problems.

7.Manisha is a member of a middle class family. She studies in Std. 10. She works as a computer operator. She gets up early morning. She helps her family.

8.Yesterday my friend and I went to my uncle’s house. He welcomed us. My aunt prepared tea and samosa. We enjoyed the breakfast and tea. We went round my uncle’s farm. We ate

mangoes also. We talked about the crops with my uncle.

9.There was a hunter. He went to the forest. He spread his net and caught some birds in it. The bird did not know what to do.

They thought something and soon they all flew away

together.

10. My parents helped me with my studies yesterday. They sat by me and guided me to complete my  home work and also watched T.V. programmes for a short time yesterday.

11.Shyam works hard. Laxman helps him. They are studious persons. They succeed very much.

12.Amit was teaching then. Were all the students interested? Perhaps. They were not. The teacher did not teach them well.

13. We will go to Baroda tomorrow. There will be fun fair on the Municipal ground. We will have various tasty dishes there. We will enjoy too much.

14.Sanjana obeyed her parents. She did her work honestly. She did not ignore them. Wasn’t she| an obedient girl?

15. Prem Chopra was a cruel villain. He asked for money and grain from the people of Rampur. He had escaped once from jail. He had killed jay too.

16.You could see, there were flowers and flowers. Green meadows and white clouds created a panoramic view. What place was this? Could you guess?

17.A national park has a defined boundary, through which no person can get into without permission. The visitors can observe the park by a vehicle which routes through defined trails. Right of people does not belong to people.

 18.they knew what his name was; it was Mitra, a friend. It could not walk. We fed him so that i

might survive.

19.I didn’t know, papa. It had just arrived.” Riya had been puzzled. “it had come from the sky.” She had showed the route of the ball with her frightened eyes.

20.From Salim Ali’s book ‘Indian Birds’, Priya will find out that it will be a duck. Its beak will be broad like a shovel. It will have bright blue feathers. At the moment it will look exhausted.

21. India has rich and prosperous society. We are great and powerful in the world. We have a longdemocratic history. We are the best.

22. We open the door and step on the foot board.We are deeply disappointed. We feel we have to do something and so we run up to the stationvmaster and ask. “Do you see the girl who sells baskets?”

23. Yoga will offer a time trusted technique for whole development. It will be one of the most powerful sciences. It will be considered to beb the most ancient science. It will have the capacity to bring about fundamental transformation in the individual.

24. Kavita requested you to look at the picture. What did you notice? Wasn’t it funny? There was a monkey who had a newspaper in his hand and was reading it.

25. Priya had studied in her mother tongue and later had joined Oxford University. She had been like any other child but her IQ had powered her to the 1st rank in every year. She had spent years at Cambridge College. She had been good in

every activity.

26. While I am distributing papers, Manthan enters. All the students look at him but nobody responds. So Manthan is surprised.

27. Having done my work. I shall go out. I shall see that there will be a huge crowd. Surrounding two men. There will be a quarrel between them. All will enjoy the scene but nobody interrupts.

28. I really felt relieved and happy with just a thought that I would pursue a profession which had incorporated my hobbies and my values. I would never be bored but would enjoy working. Hadn’t you done a great job? Mr Raval?

29. Jay does everything sincerely. Does he do his duty seriously? Yes, he does because he wants to regain his fame which he has lost in the past. It seems surprising to everyone.

30. The Annual Day is celebrated on 15th May. Mr. Rohit is present there. We present various dances. Our cultural committee holds the programme. Roshny handles the whole

programme.

31. There were dark clouds in the sky. It might rain  tonight. It would be troublesome for people.BThere could be a shortage of many things so people were requested to be alert.

32. How much Land did a man need? Had you everbthought? Man was not satisfied with what he had. He struggled a lot and got something. Hebhad to try hard to survive.

33. “We hadn’t got a deal.” Walt had admitted. The  distributer had copyrighted Oswald and he was talking over the series himself. Strangely, walt had not seemed downhearted.

34.What did you do with all your money? A friend once asked him. Pointing at the studio. Walt had  said, “I fertilized that field with it. I had ploughed money back into the company almost

as fast as it had come in.”

35. Sergeant will continue. “It will bring a disaster. It will have caused enough trouble already. He will throw the paw upon the fire. But Mr. White will be curious and will want to test the powers of the monkey’s paw.

36. Morris will say, “An old fakir will put a spell on it. He will be a very holy man and he will want to show that fate will rule people’s lives, and that to interfere with fate, only will cause

deep sadness.”

37. Suddenly, there are sounds of cracks and thunder.  The house starts collapsing. The roof, walls and staircase start falling down. They rush towards the ground and then run towards main gate of the villa.

38. Riya is reading a novel. Vaidehi enters. She asks her. “Why do you not attend school?” Riya replies her that she does not remain absent but Vaidehi often leaves English lector.

39. There lives a very wise man. Who is famous for his wisdom? He plays practical jokes and helps people. People does not disobey him and he also respects other people.

40. India had won the gold medal in shooting. There had been a great celebration. There had been many people at the airport to welcome the champion. They had cheered loudly. They

also clapped for the winner.

41. All around you could see, there were flowers and flowers. Green meadows and white clouds created a panoramic view. What place was that? Could you guess?

42. Sanjana requested you to look at the picture. What did you notice? Wasn’t it funny? There was a monkey who had a newspaper in his hand and was reading it.

43. Maths is taught by Shilpa in the secondary section of Shanti Niketan School. The studentsbare inspired by her to get good marks in Maths.The students are inspired to get good marks in Maths by her. Her teaching method is appreciate

by the staff.

44.Sumitra opened a savings account in Canara Bank. She deposited Rupees 10.000 every month She never withdrew money from her savings account.

1. Reported Speech

•   બે કે તેથી વધુ વ્યક્તિ વચ્ચે થયેલી વાતચીત ને કોઈપણ ફેરફાર સિવાય તેમનાં જ શબ્દોમાં, અવતરણ ચિન્હોમાં રજુ કરવામાં આવે તો તે રજુઆતને Direct speech (પ્રત્યક્ષ કથન) કહેવાય છે.

• બે કે તેથી વધુ વ્યક્તિ વચ્ચે થયેલી વાતચીતને તેના મૂળ ભાવાર્થને જાળવીને તેજ સંવાદને અન્ય વ્યક્તિ સમક્ષ રજુ કરવામાં આવે તો તેને Indirect speech (પરોક્ષ કથન) કહેવાય છે. દા.ત.

Direct : Kuldip said “Shivani, I am going to Puna”.

Indirect : Kuldip told Shivani that he was going to Puna.

 Direct speech નાં વાક્યોને Indirect speech માં ફેરવતી વખતે વિવિધ ફેરફાર કરવામાં આવે છે. જે નીચે ઉદાહરણ સાથે સમજાવવામાં આવ્યો છે.

 R.V. અને સંયોજકમાં ફેરફાર

સામાન્ય રીતે  Direct speech માં  Reporting Verb ‘said’ તરીકે આપવામાં આવ્યું હોય છે. વિધાનના પ્રકારને અનુલક્ષીને R.V. માં ફેરફાર થાય તેમજ Direct વિધાનનું Indirect વિધાનમાં રૂપાંતર કરતી વખતે જે સંયોજકનો ઉપયોગ થાય છે તે પણ વિધાનના  પ્રકારને આધારે થાય છે. R.V, તેમજ સંયોજક વિધાનનાં પ્રકાર મુજબ શું મુકાય તે નીચેનાં કોઠામાં દર્શાવ્યું છે.

No.   વિધાનનો પ્રકાર                                     R.V

1.Assertive sentence.                        • said/told

2. Interrogative sentence.                 • asked

3. Exclamatory sentence.                 • exclaimed

• exclaimed with joy
• exclaimed with sorrow
• exclaimed with surprise

4. Imperative sentence.                   • request( વિનંતી)

• order(હૂકમ)
• suggested(સૂચન)
• advised(સલાહ)

સંયોજક

that

If / whether (જો to be, have, do કે modal auxi વડે પ્રશ્ન પૂછ્યો હોય)

‘wh’ (જો wh સર્વનામ વડે પ્રશ્ન પૂછ્યો હોય e.g, what, how..)

that

       

to

ઉપર દર્શાવ્યા પ્રમાણે વિધાનના પ્રકારને આધારે તેમના R.V. માં ફેરફાર થાય છે અને તે મુજબ જ સંયોજક મુકવામાં આવે છે. Direct speech નુ  Indirect speech માં રૂપાંતર કરવા માટે વિધાનના પ્રકાર મુજબ R.V. તેમજ સંયોજક ની

સાથે સાથે બીજા પણ કેટલાક ફેરફાર કરવામાં આવે છે. વિધાનનાં અલગ-અલગ પ્રકારનું Indirect speech રૂપાંતર કરતી વખતે કઈ બાબતોમાં ફેરફાર થાય છે તે વિગતવાર અહીં રજૂ કરવામાં આવેલ છે.

2. Tense મા ફેરફાર

Direct speech  નું indirect speech  મા રૂપાંતર કરવા નીચે દર્શાવ્યા પ્રમાણે Tense ને લગતા ફેરફાર થાય.

am / is – was.                            

are – were 

have / has-had

do not / does not- did not

was / were-had + P.P.

did not -had not + P.P.

can- could

will / shall – would

may – might

સાદો વર્તમાન (play) – સાદો ભૂતકાળ (played)

સાદો ભૂતકાળ (played)- પૂર્ણ ભૂતકાળ (had played)

 Examples : Study the following examples and mark the differences.

1. He said “He is busy”.

He said that he was busy.

2. He said “He went home”.

He said that he had gone home.

3.He said “He did not like Punjabi food”.

He said that he had not liked Punjabi food.

4.He said “He will go out”.

He said that he would go  out.

5.He said “He play cricket every Sunday”.

He said that he played cricket every Sunday.

Exercises-1 :

1. Parth said, “She makes tasty Gulabjamboos.”

2.Disha said, “He went to Surat.”

3. Yug said, “Abhik will drive his car.”

4. I said, “I am learning English.”

5. Khushi said, “she was cooking for an hour.”

6. Raj said, “The teacher does not teach in Gujarati.”

7. Vidhi said, “She has solved the paper.”

8.Rakesh said, “They had informed him earlier.”

9. Brinda said, “He did not eat his food.”

10. Vikas said, “Jay may telephone her.”

11. Mala said, “There are many clever boys in the class.”

12. Arvinbhai said, “It was wrong message.

13. Palak said, “Payal can drive a car.”

14. I said, “I do not watch TV regularly.”

15. We said, “We have a nice school.”

3. નિશ્ચિત શબ્દોમાં ફેરફાર (નિકટતા તેમજ સમય સૂચક શબ્દો)

નિકટતા તેમજ સમયસૂચક શબ્દો કે જે Direct નું Indirect માં રૂપાંતર કરતી વખતે નિશ્ચિત રીતે ફેરફાર થાય છે, તે નીચે જણાવેલ છે.

this- that.                            today – that day

these-those.                       tonight- that night 

here-there.                         yesterday- the day before/

                                                  the previous day       

now- then

                                             tomorrow- the next day/

thus- so.                                  the following day.

ago – before

નોંધ :-  ઉપર દર્શાવેલા શબ્દોમાં ઉલટો ફેરફાર થતો નથી. દા. ત., that  નું that જ રાખવું, this ન થાય.

 Examples : Study the following examples and mark the differences.

1. He said “This is his pen”.

He said that that  was his pen.

2. He said “Arti will come tomorrow“.

He said that Arti will come the next day.

3.He said “Kinju came yesterday“.

He said that Kinju had come the previous day.

4.He said “It is here“.

He said that it was there.

5. He said “He is reading now“.

He said that he was reading than.

Exercise-2 :

1. I said, “This is my village.”

2. We said, “We are going to home now.”

3. Janki said, “Today is a holiday.”

4. Ved said, “He saw a movie yesterday.”

5. Labhy said, “These are the sweetest fruits.”

6. Nilesh said, “Daxa will buy a new sari tomorrow.”,

7. Dhiren said, “She was working here.”

8. Bhavana said, “There lived a great boxer 10 years ago.”

9. Jigar said, “He will finish his painting to night.”

10. Students said, “English is very easy now.”

11. Pooja said, “Dipesh was insulted yesterday.”

12. Akhil said, “Results are declared today.”

13. Keni said, “Feni was trying to find answers.”

14. Bina said, “Children are playing now.”

15. Vinu said, “She will finish this project tomorrow.

4. Pronoun (સર્વનામ) માં ફેરફાર :

Direct Speech નુ Indirect Speech માં રૂપાંતર કરતી વખતે સૌથી વધુ મુંઝવણ સર્વનામનાં ફેરફાર કરવામાં થાય છે.મિત્રો  બોલનાર અને સાંભળનાર કોણ છે તે બાબતે વાર્તાલાપ’ પરથી નક્કી કરીને બોલનાર તેમજ સાંભળનારને આધારે Direct speech માં આપેલા Pronoun માં ફેરફાર કરવા. નીચે તેની સમજણ આપેલ છે.

• I,My, Me, ને બોલનાર કર્તા પ્રમાણે ફેરવવા

(દા.ત. બોલનાર પુરુષ હોય તો he, his, him, સ્ત્રી હોય તો she, her, her અને બોલનાર કર્તા  બહુવચનમાં હોય તો l we, our, us નુ they, their, them મા રૂપાંતર કરવું..)

• You, Your, You ને સાંભળનાર કર્તા પ્રમાણે ફેરવવા

(દા.ત, સાંભળનાર પુરુષ હોય તો he, his, him, સ્ત્રી હોય તો she, her, her અને બોલનાર કર્તા બહુવચનમાં હોય  તો they, their, then માં રૂપાંતર કરવું.)

• ત્રી.પી.એ.વ./બ.વ, (he, see, they, it) માં કોઇ ફેરફાર ન થાય,

Examples : Study the following examples and mark the differences.

1. Ajay said “I will meet you here”.

Ajay said that he would meet him there.

2. Arti said “I am lazy”.

Arti said that she was lazy.

3. The boys said “We will come tomorrow”.

The boys said that they would come the next day.

4. He said “This is my pen”.

He said that that was his pen.

5. Binal said “I will give you my e-mail ID”.

Binal said that she would give him her E-mail ID.

Exercise-3 :

1. Sudha said, “I am happy here.”

2.Madhav said, “I have finished my work.”

3. Boys said, “We want to play Antaxari.”

4. Kajal said, “This is one of the most important books for me.”

5. Manoj said, “We are going to buy our new house.”

6. My mother said, “I do not like to talk rudely.”

7. Savan said, “I will buy a new sari for my mother tomorrow.”

8. Prakash said to Vina, “I don’t want to talk to you.”

9. Mit said to Mina, “You can use my things now.”

10. Mittal said to Yuvraj, “You didn’t take my help yesterday.”

11. Shivam said to Dhara, “I was trying my best to give you the best result that time.”

12. Her father said, “I haven’t seen this type of vehicle.”

13. Bhavya said, “I may join the computer classes.”

14. Pinal said to Paresh, “We shall visit your city tomorrow.”

15.Samir said to Sima,“ You brought my school dress from laundry.”

ચાલો , મિત્રો આપણે હવે વિવિધ પ્રકારના વિધાનોનું Indirect કેમ થાય તે જોઈએ.

           ASSERTIVE SENTENCE (વિધાન વાક્ય)

આ પ્રકારના વિધાનનું Indirect માં રૂપાંતર કરવા માટે નીચે મુજબ ફેરફાર થાય.

•   R.V. તરીકે said to ને બદલે told મુકાય.

•   જો જવાબ આપવાના સ્વરૂપમાં રૂપાંતર કરવું હોય તો said ને બદલે replied કે answered પણ મુકી શકાય.

• સંયોજક તરીકે that મુકાય.

• સર્વનામ, કાળ, નીકટતા દર્શાવતા શબ્દોમાં ફેરફાર અગાઉ દર્શાવ્યા મુજબ કરવા.

Examples : Study the following examples and mark the differences.

1. Rajeshbhai said “Paresh has come here”.

Rajeshbhai said that Paresh had gone there.

2.Hitesh said to Maya “I did not give you my e-mail ID

Hitesh told Maya that he had not given her his e-mail ID.

3. She said “I will help her”.

She said that she would help her.

4.Maya said “I don’t like your nature, Tara”.

Maya told Tara that she did not like her nature,

5.Kuldip said to Shivani “We will go to Saputara”,

Kuldip told Shivani that they would go to Saputara.

Exercise-4 :

1. Rajesh said to Kalpana, “You have made my life very happy.”

2. Harsha said to Dhiren, “Things you bought yesterday are not good.”

3. Gopi said to Gopal, “We don’t want to take anything from you.”

4. Abhik said to Manvi, You are a good girl, so you will do this work for me.”

5. Prachi said to Shlok, You always hide my things.”

6.Rahul said to Rita, “You look beautiful today.”

7.Hina said to Jayesh, “Your car is very costly but I don’t like it.”

8. Avani said to Shailesh, “I shall come to your house tomorrow.”

9. Shital said to me, “You have changed my mind after our meeting.”

10. Nailesh said to Asha, “We are the happiest couple in the world now.”

11. Pankaj said to Nisha, “You didn’t show me your photo last night.”

12. Jyoti said to you. You can contact me if you have any trouble.”

15. Sita said to Ram, “I will accompany you if you want.”

14. I said to you, “You can’t take my anything without my permission.”

15.Diya said. “Darpit, “We are friends now.

 

          INTERROGATIVE SENTENCE ( પ્રશ્નાર્થ વાક્ય)

 Interrogative પ્રકારના વિધાનનું Indirect માં રૂપાંતર કરવા માટે નીચે મુજબ ફેરફાર થાય.

• R.V. તરીકે asked મુકવું.

• સંયોજક તરીકે જો પ્રશ્ન સહાયક ક્રિયાપદ (to be, have, do કે modal) વડે પૂછ્યો  હોય તો if / whether મુકવુ. પરંતુ જો પ્રશ્ન wh પ્રશ્નાર્થ સર્વનામ જેવા કે (when, where, how વગેરે) પૂછ્યો હોય તો સંયોજક તરીકે જે તે ‘wh’

પ્રશ્નાર્થ મુકવું.

• પ્રશ્નાર્થ વાક્યનું વિધાન વાક્યમાં રૂપાંતર કરવું.

• સર્વનામ, કાળ, નિકટતા દર્શાવતા શબ્દોમાં ફેરફાર અગાઉ દર્શાવ્યા મુજબ કરવા.

  Examples : Study the following examples and mark the differences.

1. Satish said to Urvashi “Can you bring my bag?

    Satish asked Urvashi if she could bring his bag.

2.Suresh said “Do you read for a while?”

Suresh asked if he read for a while.

3. Nilesh said to Tina “Where are you going?”

    Nilesh asked Tina where she was going.

4.Kinjal said to Meghana “How are you?”

  Kinjal asked Meghana how she was.

5.Shivani said to Jayshree “Where is our uncle?”

   Shivani asked Jayshree where their uncle was.

   Exercises-5 :

1.Jay said to Shital, “Are you going to USA without me now?

2.Parth said to Kavya, “Have you sent my message to your father?”

3. Dhiren said to Kalpana, “Why did you not attend the function at my new home?

4. Bhupatbhai said to Shetu, “What is your problem?”

5. Anil said, “Mita, where are my books. Which I bought yesterday?

6. Manivi said to Khushi, “Where will you study the next year?”

7. Manan said to Mann, “When do you get up daily?”

8. Anjali said to Kavach, “Do you like to play with me?”

9.Heli said to Rajeshbhai, “What did you buy for me from your first salary?”

10. Sumanbhai said to Pragna, “Can you help me to solve my problem?”

11. I said to Bhoomi, “How long have you been reading my personal diary?”

12. Jayshree said to me, “Have you remembered me for once during these years?

13. Yug said to Sudha, “What can I do for you now?

14. Mr. Patel said to the students, “Why are you wasting too much time at present.

15. Khushboo said to her brother, “When will I teach you my

favourite subject?”.

     EXCLAMATORY SENTENCE (ઉદૃગાર વાક્ય)

Exclamatory Sentence આશ્વર્ય દર્શાવવા માટે વપરાય છે. આવા વાક્યની શરૂઆત what, how જેવા શબ્દો જેવા  શબ્દ કે on, hurrah, alas જેવા ઉદ્ગારવાચક શબ્દોથી થતી હોય છે. આવા ઉદ્ગાર વાક્યનું indirect માં રૂપાંતર કરવા નીચે દર્શાવ્યા મુજબ ફેરફાર થાય.

•   R.V. તરીકે said to ને બદલે exclaimed મૂકવું. (જો આ વિધાન માત્ર what  કે how વાળું હોય તો )

•   જે ઉદ્દગાર વિધાન oh ,hurrah, alas જેવા શબ્દો વડે શરૂ થાય તો અનુક્રમે exclaimed with surprise, exclainlmed with joy, exclaimed with sorrow મુકવું. આમ,કરતી વખતે oh ,hurrah, કે alas જેવા  શબ્દો દૂર કરવા.

સંયોજક તરીકે that મુકવું.

• ઉદ્દગાર વિધાનનું સાદા વિધાનમાં રૂપાંતર કરવું.

• સર્વનામ, કાળ, નીકટતા દર્શાવતા શબ્દોમાં ફેરફાર અગાઉ દર્શાવ્યા મુજબ કરવા.

Examples : Study the following examples and mark the differences.

1.The Porter said “What a heavy bag this is!”

The Porter exclaimed that that was really a very heavy bag.

2. The king said “How happy I am!”

The king exclaimed that he was very happy.

3. Dhoni said “Hurrah, we have won the match!”

Dhoni exclaimed with joy that they had won the match.

4. We said “Alas, the principal is no more!”

We exclaimed with sorrow that the principal was no more.

5. The Merchant said “Oh, this is with you!”

The Merchant exclaimed with surprise that that was with him.

Exercises-6 :The Merchant exclaimed with surprise that that was with him.

1.Abhik said to Apexa, “How beautiful you are looking in this dress now!”

2.Jinal said, “Alas ! I have lost my father.”

3 Prachi said to Shlok, “Bravo ! you have solved the puzzle.”

4.Sanket said to sandhya, “What a beautiful sari you have bought today.”!

5. Ankita said, “How happy I am here.”

6.A mother said to his little son, “How dirty !”

7. A coolie said, “How heavy this bag is !”

8. Shubham said, Oh God! I have forgotten my notebook once 

again.”

9. I said to Shital, “What a memorable gift you have given to me !”

10. Dhaval said, “What an unlucky day for me !”

11. A visitor said, “Wow ! What a scene !”

12. The teacher said to Paresh, “What a dull boy you are !”

13. Anjali said, ” Hurrah ! I’ve won the competition.”

14. Saloni said to Anand, “Oh ! I have broken your spectacles by mistake.”

15. Ruchit said to Zarna, “How sweet you speak about me!”.

    IMPERATIVE SENTENCE ( આજ્ઞાર્થ વાક્ય )

Imperative Sentence ની શરૂઆત સામાન્ય રીતે Please. Kindly જેવા શબ્દથી થતી હોય છે. વિધાનમાં પ્રથમ જો ક્રિયાપદ નું રૂપ આપ્યું હોય કે, Don’t પછી તરત જ  ક્રિયાપદના રૂપ આપ્યું હોય તો આવા વિધાન આજ્ઞાર્થ વિધાન હોય છે. દા.ત. Please help me, Kindly do this work, Don’t write with left hand, Read maximum English, etc. આ પ્રકારના  indirect માં રૂપાંતર કરવા નીચેની બાબતો ધ્યાનમાં લેવી.

• R.V. તરીકે  આજ્ઞાર્થ વિધાન નો  ભાવ સમજીને requested, ordered, suggested, advised મુકવા.

• સંયોજક તરીકે to મૂકવું.  

• જો આજ્ઞાર્થ વિધાન નિષેધ હોય તો not to મુકવું.

• સર્વનામ, કાળ, નીકટતા દર્શાવતા શબ્દોમાં ફેરફાર અગાઉ દર્શાવ્યા મુજબ કરવા.

Examples : Study the following examples and mark the differences.

1. Paresh sir said to the students “Open your English book”.

Paresh sir suggested the students to open their English book.

2.The principal said “Please help me,Mr.Oza”.

The principal requested Mr.oza to help him.

3. The traffic police said “Don’t park your car here”.

   The traffic police ordered not to park his car there.

4. “Tell me your name and address” said Durga.

Durga requested to tell her his name and address.

5. The doctor said “Take medicine on time”.

  The doctor advised to take medicine on time.

Exercise-7:

1. The colonel said to the soldiers, “Fire

2. My father said to me, ” Don’t waste your precious time.”

3. Pankti said to Sahil, “Please, give me your full support to win the election.”

4. Viraj said to Harshit, “Sit silently or I will punish you.”

5. Akash said to Dharati, “Kindly tell me the answers of these questions.”

6. Khyati said to her friend, “Don’t behave rudely to your parents.”

7. The teacher said to the students, “Show me your notes one by one.”

8. A doctor said to Ashokbhai, “Take this medicine regularly 

now.”

9. The Principal said to a peon, “Close the doors of all the classrooms.”

10. A blind man said, “Please, help me reach my home.”

11. Kavya said to her mother, “Let me cook now.”

12. My neighbour said to me, “Let me park my car near your 

house today.”

13. The manager said to his clerk, “Type these letters urgently.”

14. Rima said to her teacher, “Let Diya go home with me sir.”

15. Nirali said to Nirav, “Don’t call me or I will complain about you.”

      LET વાળા વિધાન

Let વાળા વિધાનનું indirect speech મા રૂપાંતર નીચે દર્શાવ્યા મુજબ કરાય.

1. The boy said to his friend, “Let us go out”

   Or

-The boy suggested his friend that they should go out.

    Or

-The boy suggested his friend to go out.

Examples : Study the following examples and mark the differences.

1. My friend said to me “let me give my pen”.

My friend suggested me to let him give his pen.

2. Anju said “Let’s thank our boss”.

Anju suggested to thank their boss.

  OPTATIVE SENTENCE (ઈચ્છાદર્શક વાક્ય)

વાતચીત કરતી વખતે આ પ્રકારના વાક્યો વચ્ચે આવે છે જેમકે good morning, wish you best luck, congratulations, good night, wish you happy day… આ પ્રકારના વાક્યોને R.V. તરીકે wished મૂકીને indirect

મા રૂપાંતર કરવા

Examples : Study the following sentences.

1. Amita said “Thank you, sir”.

Amita thanked her sir.

2.Arti said “Wish you best luck, Ami”

Arti wish best luck to Ami.

3. Ajay said “Congratulation, Ami”.

Ajay congratulated Ami.

4. Amisha said “Good morning, Mr. Patel”.

Amisha wished good morning to Mr. Patel.

Note:- Good bye કે Good night k  bye હોય તો R.V. તરીકે bade’ આવે..

Tina “Good night, mother”.

Tina bade her mother good night.

Exercises-8 :

1. Abhik said to his father, “Let’s visit Kashmir in this vacation.”

2. Pooja said, “Welcome, Uncle.”

3. Shlok said to Manan, “Wish you a very happy new year.”

4. Prachi said to Kavach, “Thank you for your guidance.”

5. Deepak said to Arati, “Congratulation for getting a job.”

6. Karmesh said to Krupa, “Let us have some breakfast now.”

7. A saint said to Kailasben, “May you live long.”

8. My friends said to me, “Many many happy returns of the day.”

9. Mrs. Desai said to me, “Have a good day.”

10. All the students said to their English teacher, “Good noon, Sir.”

11. Suhani said to Ishan, “I pray to God for your progress.”

12. Swamiji said to me, “May God bless you.”

13. Kinjal said to Krunal, “Good bye”.

14. Payal said to Bhavik, “Let us play antaxari.”

15. Kavach said to Heli, “Wish you best luck for your exam.”

          INDIRECT OF PARAGRAPH

 વિદ્યાર્થી મિત્રો ,તમને પરીક્ષામાં Paragraph (ફકરા) નું  Indirect speech મારુ 15 કરવાનું હોય છે આ પ્રકરણમાં Direct speech નું Indirect speech માં રૂપાંતર કરવાના વિવિધ નિયમો તમે જોઈ ગયાં. અલગ-અલગ પ્રકારનાં વિધાનોનું Indirect કેમ થાય તે પણ નિયમો તેમજ ઉદાહરણ દ્વારા તમે જોઈ ગયા.અહીં તમને એક ફકરો આપવામાં આવશે અને તે Direct speech  ના ફકરાનું તમારે Indirect speech માં રૂપાંતર કરવાનું હોય છે જેમાં કેટલીક બાબતોને ધ્યાનમાં રાખવી પડશે જે નીચે ઉદાહરણ સહ દર્શાવેલ છે.

ફકરાનું Indirect speech મા રૂપાંતર કરવાના નિયમો:- 

1. ટૂંકા પ્રશ્નો , ટૂંકા વાક્યો તેમજ ટૂંકા જવાબો અને પૂરા વાક્યમાં લખવા. વાતચીત ની ભાષામાં બોલનાર અને સાંભળનાર સામાન્ય રીતે પ્રશ્નો અને જવાબો કે વાર્તાલાપ  દરમ્યાન ટૂંકા વાક્યનો ઉપયોગ કરે છે. એવા વાક્યો ને indirect માં ફેરવવા તેનો અર્થ સમજીને પૂરા વાક્યમાં લખવો, દા.ત.

Example : 

Boby : “Sanjana, where are you going?

 Sanjana : “Becharaji”.

Boby : “Are you alone?”

Sanjana : “Yes”.  

Ans.

   Boby asked Sanjana where she was going. Sanjana answered that she was going to Becharaji.Boby asked if she was alone. Sanjana answered positively.

Note : પ્રશ્નનો જવાબ આપતી વખતે R.V. તરીકે  answered તે replied લખવું. જે જવાબમાં Yes હોય તો તેનું indirect કરવા answered positively અને  No’ હોય તો answered negatively કે denied લખવું.

2. Direct speech માં આવતા Dear, Sir, Madam જેવા શબ્દોનો ભાવ સમજીને lovingly, with respect જેવા શબ્દોમાં ફેરવવા દા.ત.,

Example: Boby said to Sanjana “Madam, we love you”.

Ans. Boby told Sanjana with respect that they loved her.

Example: Boby said to me “Dear, when will you leave the place?”

Ans. Boby asked me lovingly when I would leave the place.

3.એક જ વ્યક્તિ એક જ સંવાદમાં એકથી વધારે વાક્ય બોલે તો દરેક વાક્યને નવા R.V. સાથે ફરીથી લખવા.’

Example: Boby said to Sanjana “How are you?”

Sanjana “I’m fine. I have just come. Where is your sister?”

Ans. Boby asked Sanjana how she was. Sanjana replied that she was fine and added that she had just come. She asked Boby where his sister was.

Note:- 

બોલનાર અને સાંભળનારના નામ વારંવાર લખવાને બદલે તેમની સ્થાને તેમના સર્વનામ (he,she) મૂકી શકાય. જેમ ઉપરના ઉદાહરણમાં Sanjana asked, She replied, She said લખ્યું છે.

     SAMPLE PARAGRAPHS

1.”How delicious this dish is said Sanjana.

“Do you like it, Boby?

“Yes, who prepared it?” said Boby.

“My mother,” said Sanjana

“Let’s go and thank hor” said Boby

Ans. 

  Sanjana exclaimed to Boby that that dish was very delicious. She asked Boby if he liked it. Boby answered positively and asked her who had prepared it. Sanjana replied him that her mother had prepared it. Boby suggested her to go and thank her.

2. “How are you” I asked.

“I’m not in hilarious spirits” George answered.

“Is it Tom again?”

“Yes, it is Tom again.”

“Why don’t you chuck him out? You have done everything in the world for him. You must know that he is quite hopeless”.

Ans.

   I asked George how he was. George answered that he was not in hilarious spirits. I asked him if was Tom again. He agreed with me and replied that it was Tom. I asked him why he did not Chuck him out, I told him that he had done everything in the world for him and added that he must know

that he was quite hopeless.

     MIXED EXERCISES

Exercises-9 : Render into Indirect Speech:

1. Customer Service Rep: Can you install LOVE?

Customer : I can do that. I’m not very technical but I think I am ready to install now. What do I do first?

Customer Service Rep : The first step is to open you HEART. Have you located your HEART ma’ am?

Customer: Yes I have, but there are several programs running 

right now. Is it okay to install while they are running?

2.   Customer: I don’t know how to turn them off. Can you tell me how?

Customer Service Rep: My pleasure. Go to your Start menu and invoke FORGIVENESS.EXE. Do this as many times as necessary until GRUDGE.EXE and RESENTMENT.COM have been completely erased.

Customer: Okay, I’m done. LOVE has started installing itself automatically. Is that normal?

3.   Customer: So what should I do?

Customer Service Rep: Can you find the directory called “SELF-ACCEPTANCE?

Customer: Yes, I have it.

CSR: Excellent, you are getting good at

you.

Customer: Thank you.

4.   What kind of a deal did you make, kid?” I asked.

“We haven’t got a deal.” Walt admitted. “The distributor copy righted Oswald.”

Walt did not seem down hearted, “Were going to start a new series.” He enthused.

“It’s about a mouse and this time we’ll own the mouse.”

“Oh! How adventurous you are! I am proud to be your brother.” I admitted.

5.   I told him, ‘Nana, let’s go to a salon. You need a haircut.?

I Insisted, If you don’t want to go, then I will call a barber home.”

He did not even bother to look at me this time. He began to shake his head, “No, no, he wil kill me. He does not like my hair cut short… he will never approve!

6. To one of the numerous questions that Dr Kamble asked him, he said, “This only she can answer.

I will ask her when she comes.

Dr  Kamble shot back, Where has she gone?

The ends of his lips curled up a little in a smile, ‘Oh…. She 

doesn’t really ever tell me her whereabouts.’

7. The man standing at the door said, “I am Mr.White.” The man on the other side introduced himself

and said, “I’m Sergeant Major Morris.”

“Oh! Welcome Mr.Morris, we have been waiting for you” said Mr. White

“Thanks Mr. White, I’m looking forward to meet you and know about your liking for India.”

“I had like to go to India myself”, he continued to see those old temples and magic but how could I go there?”

8.   Mrs White demanded the Monkey’s Paw and said, ” I want it.”

“Why?” asked Mr White.

“I only just thought of it. She said hysterically.”

the other two wishes. Why didn’t I think of it before?” she continued.

“What wish?”

Wish our boy alive again. Bring him back” cried the old woman.

9. while Mrs White was sitting by the fire Mr White asked, “Why is Mr Morris so late? He has told me to come by now.” Mrs White was busy, she said, “Morris has been serving in India so he can’t understand the value of time.”

“Mr White explained, “He always talks about magic in India and is going to bring a Monkey’s Paw with him

“How wonderful it is!” said Mrs White looking at him.

10. “How selfish men are exclaimed Sojourner, taking a long breath.” They talk about helping women but nobody help me.”

A man from the audience whispers, “Aren’t you helped then? Why they think themselves powerful?

“Yes, you are right.” said Sojourner and asked them, “Ain’t I woman? I give birth to thirteen children and see most of them being sold. Nobody care for me.”

11. “Why don’t you come to school, Vinod?” asked the teacher.

“Splitting headache, sir” answered the boy.

“Oh, is it so? Take rest.” the teacher patted him and smiled at him.

“Okay, Sir. Thank you, Sir.”

“I will check your assignments tomorrow.” said the teacher.

 

12. “Come on the ground.” the PT teacher asked us.

“Oh! Again it! Why doesn’t he stay at home?” one of the group murmured.

“He always comes to school.” said the other.

“Sir, Splitting headache!” a few of us said to the PT teacher.

Those who are suffering from headache, raise your hands.” asked the teacher.

“I will give them special treatment.”

13. “Have you studied in Gujarati medium ?” said the manager of Samsung

“Yes, basically I am from Gujarat,” said Pranav

“Do you feel any difficulty with English ?

“No, from my engineering to my masters I worked on varied fields related to software.”

14. Ayush said, “Sir, I am feeling uneasy today.”

The teacher said, “You have to practise Yog daily.”

“I am confused. Which exercise should I do ?”

“Beta, you should practise Surya Namskar.”

15. Shiv : Sir, what are we going to do today?

Shivam : Sir Let’s do something funny.

Teacher: Keep quiet. Today we are going to discuss about domestic animals.

Shiv : That’s so boring!

16. “Leave the spot. We are going to cut the tree”, said a forest official

“No, we won’t be going away, said a woman

“How foolishly you are talking ! What do you find in tree 2

“The trees are like our children.”

17. “What was that ?” Mandakini asked Sree tensely.

“What ?” Sree asked.

“That scratching noise in the kitchen. Did you remember to close the back door ?” she asked accusingly.

“This time I heard it too.”

18. “It’s not that I mind him staving”, said Granny to Rusty, “and I don’t want any money from him either.But it isn’t healthy for a young man to remain idle for so long”.

Is Uncle Ken a young man, Gran ?

“He is forty. Everyone says he’ll improve as he grows up.

“He could go and live with Aunt Mabel”.

19. Jill : And this is the lounge

Aunt Jane : Charming ! Charming such a cosy little room! And such pretty furniture:

Jack: We like it, you know. Handy place to sit in and listen to the radiogram.

Aunt Jane : Oh, have you got a radio gram as well as a car and a piano?

Jack: Why. of course, Aunt Jane. You simply must have a radio set now a days,

20. We’ll sit up tonight here” Govinda told his son.

“Here asked the son.

“Yes, here” he said and added “That would be just the right spot for us to keep watch unnoticed.”

“Right father, I suppose it’s the only way for us.”

21. “Hey Pierre”, Jacques laughed “May be you’ve got the gout, hey ?”

“Yes, Jacques,” replied Pierre uncertainty.

“But as one grows old, legs get tired.”

You should teach the horse to place milk bottles at the front door of your customers,” Jacques

said to him. “He does everything else for you”.

22. “Do you have today’s newspapers ?” Sonia asked.

“Which one ? Gujarat or Bhaskar ?” Aditya asked.

“Neither, only the Times of India.”

I don’t buy such a newspaper as doesn’t offer any gift.”

Oh !What a poor mentality you possess ! Don’t think of gain in everything.”

23.“ Am I in trouble o some kind ?” asked Mr Rogers.

“No, no, no. Nothing like that. But I have something of great importance to talk to you about.”

“Very well,” came the voice of Mr. Rogers, I wait for you.”

“And Mr. Rogers”, Hogan cautioned, “Please keep quiet about this.”

24. Congratulations, Yatra on your brilliant success at the higher secondary examination”, said Tirth.

“Thanks, and the same to you, Tirth,” said Yatra.

“What is your career plan for the future?”

“Export business.”

“What an exciting career for the twenty first century !”, said Tirth.

25. “Buy me some new dresses. Papa.”

“Why? You have got as many as thirty.”

“They are all outdated now. I want some new ones,” Manisha insisted.

“Be ready tomorrow. Il take you for shopping.

26. “Good morning!, how is your health today?

“Well, it’s improving now, Doctor, when will I get discharge?” asked the patient

“How cager you are!”

“Please doctor, Let me go home now.”

“O.K let me check you last.”

27. Ila : What’s that you are making, Raju?

Raj : I’m trying to make a model aircraft.

lla : A real airplane that would fly?

Raj : Yes, indeed. It will have regular wings, wheels, a propeller and a tail. But no fuel tank An  eco-friendly plane!

28. “Don’t you have any milk, coffee, fresh rolls and butter?

asked Atzel.

“No, my lord. In paradise one always eats the same food,” the servant replied.

“Is it already day, or is it still night?”

Atzel asked.

“In paradise there is neither day nor night.”

29. “Will you buy my hair?” asked Della.

“buy hair,” said Madam, “Take your hat off and let me have a look at it.”

Down came the beautiful brown hair.

“Twenty dollars,” said Madam, lifting the beautiful hair with her experienced hand

Give it to me quickly,” said Della.

30. “Can I see the manager?” asked.

“Certainly replied the accountant without smiling.

“Are you the manager asked the man in his chamber

“Yes, please come in and take your seat,” he politely

“Thank you very much.”

31, “It’s our duty to help the poor”, said the man.

“How would you like to help them, father?” asked the son.

“Not by giving alms, but by giving them work.”

“What work can we give them in the village?” asked the son.

32. “All this time I have been waiting to take some work from your hands,” said the man.

“What kind of work would you like?” asked the girl.

“Will you give me one of your pitchers? One that you can spare.”

“A pitcher! Do you want to draw water from the torrent?” she asked.

33. “Forgive me.” said the bearded man in a weak voice.

“I do not know you and have nothing to forgive you for.” said the king.

You do not know me, but I know you. I am that enemy of yours who swore to revenge himself  on you.”

34. The king said, “for the last time, I pray you to answer my questions, wise man.”

venge hised

“You have already been answered!” said the hermit.

“How answered ? What do you mean?” asked the king.

“Do you not see?” replied the hermit.

35. “What is it?”

“Something like a hundred.” I said.

It was one hundred and two,” he said.

“Who said so?”

“The Doctor.”

       BOARD EXAM QUESTION: DIRECT INDIRECT

MARCH 2010

36. How stuffy it’s here ! I can’t stay here even for a moment,” said Lily.

“But we’ll have to wait here till Mr. Bhatt returns,” said Mr. Patil.

“Oh God! I will die here.”

“Let’s go to the garden and wait for him.”

JULY-2010

37. “How delicious this dish is !” said Rital, “Do you like it, Pragna?”

“Certainly, who prepared this for us, Rital?” said Pragna.

“My Mother,” said rital.

“Let’s go and thank her,” said Pragna.

JULY-2011

38.Let’s visit the science exhibition.” Said Nirmal to Nikita.

What a suggestion ! We’ll surely go.

Thank you for accepting my proposal.

Is it worth-visiting ?” asked Nikita.

“Certainly.”

MARCH-2012

39.Jack : “Well, she’s gone ! What a tartar I Still she did Live us a bit on account – how much was in

Jill : Ten pounds

Jack : “(with a whistle) phew ! That’s great! we can pay off the next two months on the car with that.”

Jill: “I- I’m afraid we can’t.”

JULY-2012

40.Keyur : Hello everybody: good afternoon!

Antish: Good afternoon, Keyur, I think we’re in time, aren’t we?

Keyur : Of course, we are. (Looking at the long queue) But shall we he able to get tickets ?

Aatish : I’m afraid, the possibility is very remote.

MARCH-2015

41.”Do you have a few minutes to spare ?” said Daisy

“Yes, I do.” said Chandni.

“Would you like to have some tea! It’s ready.”

“No, thanks. I had it a few minutes ago.

JULY-2015

42.”Mr Gessler in % said I.

No, not” said he “but we can attend to anything with pleasure. We’ve taken the shop over.”

Yes, yes”, I said, “But Mr Gessler?”

Oh ! Dead” he said.

“Dead ! I received books from him last week.”

MARCH 2016

43.a”What’s the matter, Sunil ?” I said.

“I’ve got a headache.”

“You better go to the bed”.

“No papa, I’m fine.”

“You go to the bed. I’ll see you later on.”

MARCH 2017

44. “What a nice watch it is! Who bought it for you, Vedant? said Juhi.

“My brother bought it yesterday,” replied Vedant.

“Let me know its price.” said Juhi.

MARCH 2018

45. Customer : Oops.I have an error message already. What should I do?

CSR. What does the message say?

Customer : It says “Error 412-PROGRAM NOT RUN ON INTERNAL COMPONENTS.”What does that mean?

MARCH 2019

46. Prakash : How beautiful you look in this dress! From where did you buy it ?

Rita I bought it online.

Prakash: How much did you pay for it ?

Rita : Rs. 2.000/

ANSWERS – EXERCISE

1.

1. Parth said that she made tasty Gulab Jamboos..

2. Disha said that he had gone to Surat.

3. Yug said that Abhik would drive his car.

4.I said that I was learning English.”

5. Khushi said that she had been cooking for an hour.

6. Raj said that the teacher did not teach in Gujarati.

7.Vidhi said that she had solved the paper.

8. Rakesh said that they had informed him earlier.

9.Brinda said that he had not eaten his food.

10. Vikas said that Jay might telephone her.

11. Mala said that there were many clever boys in the class.

12. Arvinbhai said that it had been wrong message.

13. Palak said that Payal could drive a car.

14. I said that I did not watch TV regularly.

15. We said that we had a nice school.

2.

1. I said that that was my village.

2. We said that we were going to home then.

3. Janki said that that day was a holiday.

4.Ved said that he had seen a movie the previous day.

5.Labhy said that those were the sweetest fruits.

6.Nilesh said that Daxa would buy a new sari the next day.

7.Dhiren said that she had been working there.

8. Bhavana said that there had lived a great boxer 10 years before.

9. Jigar said that he would finish his painting that night.

10. Students said that English was very easy then.

11. Pooja said that Dipesh had been insulted the previous day.

12. Akhil said that Results were declared that day.

13. Keni said that Feni was trying to find the answers.

14. Bina said that children were playing then.

15. Vinu said that she would find that project the next day..

3.

1. Sudha said that she was happy there.

2 Madhay said that he had finished his work.

3. Boys said that they wanted to play Antaxari.

4. Kajal said that that was one of the most important books for her

5. Manoj said that they were going to buy their new house.

6. My mother said that she didn’t like to talk rudely.

7.Savan said that he would buy a new sari for his mother tomorrow.

8. Prakash told Vina that he didn’t want to talk to her.

9. Mit told Mina that she could use his things then.

10. Mittal told Yuvraj that he had not taken her help the previous day.

11. Shivam told Dhara that he had been trying his best to give her the best result at that time.

12. Her father said that he hadn’t seen that type of vehicle.

13. Bhavya said that he might join the computer classes.

14. Pinal told Paresh that they would visit his city the next day.

15. Samir told Sima that she had brought his school dress from laundry.

4 .

1.Rajesh told Kalpana that she had made his life very happy.

2 Harsha told Dhiren that things he had bought the previous day were not good.

3.Gopi told Gopal that they didn’t want to take anything from him.

4. Abhik told Manvi that she was a good girl so she would do that work for him.

5. Prachi told Shlok that he always hid her things.

6. Rahul told Rita that she looked beautiful that day

7.Hina told Jayesh that his car was very costly but she didn’t like it.

8. Avani told Shailesh that she would go to his house next day.

9. Shital told me that I had changed her mind after our meeting.

10. Nailesh told Asha that they were the happiest couple in the world then.

11. Pankaj told Nisha that she had not shown him her photo 

the previous night.

12. Jyoti told you that you could contact her if you had any trouble.

13. Sita told Ram that she would accompany him if he wanted.

14. I told you that you couldn’t take my anything without my permission

15. Diya told Darpit that they were friends then.

5.

1. Jay asked Shital if she was going to USA without him then.

2.Parth asked Kavya if she had sent his message to her father.

3.Dhiren asked Kalpana why she had not attended the function at his new home.

4.Bhupatbhai asked Shetu what her problem. was.

5.Anil asked Mita where his books which he had bought the previous day were.

6.Manivi asked Khushi where she would study the next year.

7.Manan asked Mann when he got up daily.

8.Anjali asked Kavach if he liked to play with her.

9.Heli asked Rajeshbhai what he had bought for her from his first salary.

10. Sumanbhai asked Pragna if she could help him to solve his problem.

11. I asked Bhoomi how long she had been reading my personal diary.

12. Jayshree asked me if I had remembered her for once during those years.

13. Yug asked Sudha what he could do for her then.

14. Mr. Patel asked the students why they were wasting too much time at present.

15.Khushboo asked her brother when she would teach him her favorite subject.

6.

1.Abhik exclaimed with praise to Apexa that she was looking very beautiful in that dress the then.

2.Jinal exclaimed with sorrow that she had lost her father.

3. Prachi exclaimed with praise that he had solved the puzzle.

4.Sanket exclaimed with joy to Sandhya that she had bought a very beautiful sari that day.

5.Ankita exclaimed with joy that she was very happy there.

6. A mother exclaimed with disgust to his little son that he was very dirty,

7. A coolie exclaimed with disgust that that bag was very heavy.

8. Shubham exclaimed with sorrow that he had forgotten his notebook once again.

9. I exclaimed with joy to Shital that she had given a very memorable gift to me.

10. Dhaval exclaimed with sorrow that it was a very unlucky day for him.

11. The Visitor exclaimed with joy that it was a very beautiful scene.

12. The teacher exclaimed with disgust to Paresh that he was a very dull boy.

13. Anjali exclaimed with joy that she had won the competition.

14. Saloni exclaimed with sorrow to Anand that she had broken his spectacles by mistake.

15. Ruchit exclaimed with joy to Zarna that she spoke very sweet about him.

7.

1.The colonel ordered the soldiers to fire.

2. My father advised me not to waste my precious time.

3. Pankti requested Sahil to give her his full support to win the election.

4. Viraj instructed Harshit to sit silently or he would punish him.

3. Akash requested Dharati to tell him the answers of those questions.

6. Khyati advised her friend not to behave rudely to her parents.

7.The teacher ordered the students to show him their notes one by one.

8. A doctor advised Ashokbhai to take that medicine regularly then.

9. The Principal ordered a peon to close the doors of all the class-rooms.

10. A blind man requested to help him reach his home.

11. Kavya requested her mother to let her cook then.

12 My neighbour requested me to let him park his car near my house that day.

13. The manager ordered his clerk to type those letters urgently.

14. Rima requested her teacher to allow Diya to go home with her.

15. Nirali Instructed wamed Nirav not to call her or she would complain about him.

8.

1.Abhik suggested to his father that they should visit Kashmir in that vacation

2. Pooja welcomed her Uncle.

3. Shlok wished Manan a very happy new year.

4. Prachi thanked Kavach for his guidance.

5.Dipak congratulated Arati for getting a job.

6. Karmesh proposed Krupa that they should have some breakfast then.

7. A saint blessed Kailasben that she might live long.

8. My friends wished me many many happy returns of the day.

9. Mrs. Desai wished me to have a good day. / that I would have a good day.

10. All the students wished their English teacher good noon.

11. Suhani wished Ishan that she prayed to God for his progress.

12. Swamiji wished me that God might bless me.

13. Kinjal wished Krunal good bye.

14. Payal suggested Bhavik to play Antaxari.

15. Kavach wished Heli best luck for her exam.

          ANSWERS – MIXED EXERCISE.

1.   Customer Service Representative asked customer if he could install love. Customer replied to CSR that she could do that. She added that she was not very technical but she thought that she was ready to install them. She asked CSR what she did first. CSR replied to customer that her first step was to open his HEART. He asked her with respect if she had located her HEART Customer replied to customer positively and informed CRS that she had done it but there were several programs running right then. She asked him if it was okay to install while they were running.

2.   Customer told CSR that she did not know how to turn them off. She asked him if he could tellb her how she could do that. CSR replied to Customer that it would be his pleasure to help her. He suggested her to go to her start menu and invoke FORGIVENESS.EXE. He asked her to do that as many times as necessary until GRUDGE.EXE and RESENTMENT.COM had been completely erased. Customer agreed with CSR and said that she had done so. She told him that LOVE had started installing itself automatically. She asked him if that was normal.

3.Customer asked CSR what she should do. CSR asked customer in return if she would find the directory called “SELF-ACCEPTANCE”. Customer replied positively saying that she had it. CSR appreciated him saying that she was excellent and told her that she was getting good at that. On listening her praise customer thanked CSR.

4. I called him Kid and asked Walt what kind of a deal he had made. Walt replied to me that they hadn’t got a deal and admitted that the distributor has converted Oswald. Walt did not seem down hearted and told me that we had been going to start a new series. He further said that it had been about a mouse and that time we would own the mouse. I am excited and exclaimed with pleasure that he was very adventurous. I admitted that I was proud to be his brother.

5.I suggested Nana to go to a salon because he needed a haircut. Nana looked at me, scandalized by the idea. I insisted that if he didn’t want to go then I would call a barber. He did not even dare to look at me this time. He moved his head in disagreement; and argued that he would kill him and added that he did not like his hair cut short and he would never approve.

  6.To one of the numerous questions that Dr Kamble asked him he replied that it was the only answer and added that he would ask her when she came. The doctor asked where she had gone. The ends of his lips curled up a little in a smile and further told that she didn’t really even tell him her

whereabouts.

7. The man standing at the door told the man on the other side that he was Mr White. The man on the other side introduced himself saying that he was Sergeant Major Morris. Mr White welcomed Mr.Morris with pleasure and told that they were waiting for him. Mr Morris thanked Mr White and told him that he was looking forward to meet him and to know his liking for India. Mr White told Mr Morris that he had liked to go to India himself. He further said that he would like to see those

old temples and magic. He asked Mr Morris how he could go there.

8. Mrs White demanded the Monkey’s Paw and so she told Mr White that she wanted it, Mr White suddenly asked her why she wanted it. She told fim hysterically that she only just thought of it .She further told him that she could ask for the other two wishes and asked herself why she had not thought of it before.  Mr White asked her what wish She wanted to ask for. Mrs White replied to him that she wished that their son became alive again and she requested him to bring him back.

9. While Mrs White was sitting by the fire Mr White asked her why Mr Morrise was so late. He informed her that he had told him to come by then. Mrs White was busy. She told Mr White that Mr Morris had been serving in India. So he could not understand the value of time. Hearing the value of time.

Hearing this Mr White exclaimed that he always talked about magic in India and was going to bring a Monkey’s Paw with him. Looking at Mr White. Mrs White exclaimed to him that it was really wonderful.

10. Sojourner taking a long breath exclaimed that men were very selfish. She further said that they talked about helping women but nobody helped her. A man from the audience asked slowly if she was not  helped then why they thought themselves powerful. Sojourner replied him positively that he was right and asked them if she was not a woman. She added that she gave birth to thirteen children and saw most of them being sold. She regretted that nobody cares for her.

11. The teacher asked Vinod why he did not come to school. Vinod replied the teacher that he was sufferingb from extreme headache. The teacher patted him showing sympathy, smiled at him and asked with surprise if it was so. He asked him to take rest. Vinod assured the teacher with respect that he would

take rest and thanked him. The teacher told him that he would check his assignments the next day.

12. The PT teacher asked us to come on the ground. One of the group did not like this so he murmured with surprise that against they had to go on ground. He asked why he did not stay at home. The other boy said that he always came to school. A few of us exclaimed to PT teacher that they were

suffering from headache. Listening to this excuse PT teacher ordered them to raise their hands were suffering from headache. He further said that he would give them special treatment.

13. The manager of Samsung asked Pranav if he had studied in Gujarati medium. Pranav replied him  positively and added that basically he was from Gujarat. The manager further asked him if he felt any difficulty with English. Pranav replied him negatively and added that from his engineering to his masters he had worked on varied fields related to software.

14. Ayush told his teacher with respect that he was feeling uneasy that day. His teacher told (suggested);him that he had to practise Yoga daily. He told the teacher that he was confused and asked which exercise he should do. The teacher replied him with love that he should practise Surya Namskar.

15. Shiv asked his sir with respect what they were going to do that day. Shivam proposed to his teacher to do something funny. The teacher ordered all to keep quiet and added that that day they were going to discuss about domestic animals. Shiv exclaimed to him with disgust that that was so boring.

16. A forest official ordered a woman to leave the spot and added that they were going to cut the tree. She responded him negatively and added firmly that they would not be going away. He exclaimed her with remark that she was talking really foolishly and asked what she found in tree. She replied him that the trees were like their children.

17. Mandakini asked Sree tensely what had been that. Sree inquired what she said. Mandakini asked about that scratching noise in the kitchen. She asked Sree accusingly if she had remembered to close the back door. Sree agreed with Mandakini and said that that time she had heard too.

18. Granny told Rusty that it was not that she minded him staying and she did not want any money from him either but it was not healthy for a young man to remain idle for so long. Rusty asked Granny if uncle Ken was a young man. Granny replied Rusty that he was forty and added that every

one said he would improve as he grew up. Rusty suggested Granny that he could go and live with aunt Mabel.

19. Jill told Aunt Jane that that was the lounge. Aunt Jane was very happy to see that and exclaimed  that it was a little room with pretty furniture.Jack told Aunt Jane that they liked to sit in and listenv to the radiogram. Aunt Jane was surprised and asked if they had got the radiogram, a car and a piano. Jack exclaimed to Aunt Jane that one must have a radio set now a days.

20. Govinda told his son that they would sit up that night there. The son asked if they had to sit there. Govinda replied positively and added that that would be just the right spot for them to keep watch unnoticed. The son was agreed with him and said that he supposed it was the only way for them.

21. In a joking mood Jacques asked Pierre if he might have got the gout. Pierre replied uncertainty that it might be possible. Then he argued in his own favour that as one grows old, legs get tired. Jacques suggested to Pierre that he should teach the horse to place the milk bottles at the front door of his customers. Jacques added that he did everything else for him.

22. Sonia asked Aditya if he had that day’s newspaper. Aditya asked her which paper she wanted, Gujarat or Bhaskar. Sonia answered that she wanted neither of them, she wanted only the Times of India.Aditya responded that he didn’t buy such a newspaper as didn’t offer any gift. She exclaimed with

disgust that he really possessed poor mentality. She also suggested him not to think of you in everything.

23. Mr. Rogers asked Hogan if he was in trouble of some kind. Hogan replied negatively with stress that it was nothing like that and added with contrast that he had some thing of great importance to talk to him about. Mr. Rogers voice came in confirmation that he would wait for him. Then Hogan

cautioned Mr. Rogers to keep quiet about that.

24. Tirth congratulated Yatra on her brilliant success at the HSC. Examination. Yatra thanked him and congratulated him also. Tirth asked Yatra what her career plan was for the future. Yatra replied that she wanted to opt for the export business. Tirth exclaimed with pleasure that it was a very exciting

business for the twenty first century.

25. Manisha requested her father to buy her some new dresses. Her father asked her why she put such a strang proposal as she had got as many as thirty dresses. Manish replied her father that they were all outdated and added that she wanted some new ones. Her father happlily suggested her tobe ready the next day and added that he would take her for shopping.

26. The doctor wished good morning and asked the patient how his health was that day. The patient replied the doctor that he was feeling well and added that it was improving then. He also asked the doctor when he would get discharge. The doctor exclaimed with surprise that he was really very enger

to get discharge. The patient requested the doctor wallow him to go home then. The doctor agreed and added that he wanted to check him first.

27.Ila asked Raju what he was making. Raju replied that he was trying to make a model aircraft. Ila asked with wonder if he was trying to make a real aeroplane that would fly. Raju replied positively and added that it would have regular wings, wheels, a propeller and a tail. He father said that it would have no fuel tank , would be an eco-friendly plane.

28.Atzel asked the servant if he had any milk, coffee, fresh rolls and butter. The servant replied with respect that he hadn’t and added that in paradise one always ate the same food. Atzel further inquired if it was already day or it was night then. The servant answered that there was neither day nor night

in paradise.

29. Della asked Madam if she would buy her hair. Madam replied that she bought hair and asked her to take her hat off and let her have a look at it. Down came the beautiful hair. Lifting the beautifulbhair with experienced hand she offered to give twenty dollars. Della asked her to give it to her quickly.

30.I asked the accountant if I could see the manager. The accountant replied without smiling that I could certainly see the manager. I asked the man in his chamber if he was the manager. He politely replied affirmatively and requested me to come in and take my seat. I took my seat and thanked him

31. The man told him that it was their duty of help the poor. The son asked his father how he would like to help them. The man replied that he would like to help them not by giving alms but by giving them work. The son asked him what work they could give them in the village.

32.The  man told the girl that all that time he had been waiting to take some work from her hands.The girl asked him what kind of work he would like. The man asked her if she would give him we of her pitchers one that she could spare. The girl expressed her astonishment and asked him if he wanted a pitcher to draw water from the torrent.

33.In a weak voice the bearded man requested the king to forgive him. The king replied that he did not know him and had nothing to forgive him for. He again told that he did not know him but he knew him and he admitted that he was that enemy of his who had sworn to revenge himself on him.

34. The king told the wise man that for the last time he prayed him to answer his questions. The hermit told him that he had already been answered. The king being surprised asked him how he could say they were answered and enquired what he meant. The hermit asked if he did not see.

35. He asked me what it was. I replied that it was something like a hundred. He told with emphasis that it was one hundred and two. I asked him who said so. He replied that the doctor had said so.

• ANSWERS BOARD EXERCISE •

MARCH 2010

36.Lily exclaimed with unhappiness that it was stuffy there and added that she. could not stay there even for a moment. Mr. Patil told her that but they would have to wait there Mr. Bhutt returned .Remembering God she remarked that she would die there. She suggested him that they should go to the garden and wait for him.

JULY-2010

37. Rital exclaimed with praise that the dish was really very delicious. Then she asked her il pragna liked it. Pragna replied positively saying that she liked it certainly and asked Rital who had prepared that for them. Rital replied that her mother had prepared it for them. Pragna suggested to Rital that they

should go and thank Rita’s mother for a nice dish.

JULY-2011

38. Nirmal proposed to Nikita that they should visit the science exhibition, Nikita exclaimed happily that it was a very nice suggestion, and expressed her preparedness that they would surely go. Nirmal thanked Nikita for accepting his proposal. Nikita asked him curiously whether it was worth-visiting. Nirmal

replied confidently that it was certainly worth-visiting.

MARCH-2012

39. Jack told Jill with relief that she had gone and expressing his opinion with wonder that she was really a big fariar. Then he told Jill that she had left a bit on account still. He asked her how much it had been. Jill answered jack that it had been ten pounds. Jack whistled and exclaimed with joy that it was really

great and added that they could pay off the next two months on the car with that. Jill doubted that she was afraid they could not do so.

JULY-2012

40. Keyur greeted everybody saying good afternoon. Aatish greeted him with good afternoon and expressed his opining that he thought they were in time and asked keyur’s view about it. Keyur agreed with his opining that they were in time and looking at the long queue he doubted if they would be able

to get tickets. Aatish told him that he was afraid that they might not get them and added that the possibility was very remote.

MARCH-2015

41. Daisy asked Chandni if slie had a few minutes to spare. Chandni replied positively that the had a few minutes to spare Daisy noun asked her if she would like to have some tea and added that it was ready. She politely refused and told her that she had it a few minutes before.

JULY-2015

42. I asked him if Mr. Gessler was in He replied negatively and told that they could attend to anything with pleasure and added that they had taken the shop over. Then i told positively and again asked about Mr. Gessler. He exclaimed with sorrow and told that he was dead. I wondered hearing about his death and added that i had received books from him the previous week.

MARCH 2016

43. I asked Sunil what the matter was. Sunil replied to me that he had got a headache,I  advised him that it will better for him to go to the bed. He refused him negatively addressing him as papa and added that he was fine. I told him to go to the bed and further told him that he would see him  later on.

MARCH 2017

44. Juhi exclaimed with joy that it was a very nice watch and asked Vedant who had bought it for him. Vedant replied Juhi that his brother had bought it the previous day. Juhi requested Vedant to let her know its price.

MARCH-2018

45. Customer exclaimed with hesitation to C.S.R. that she had an error message atready and asked forther what she should do. C.S.R asked customer what the message said. Customers replied that it said “Error 412-PROGRAM NOT RUN ON INTERNAL COMPONENTS”. Customer also asked C.S.R. what that meant.

MARCH-2019

46. Prakash exclaimed with praise/appreciation to Rita that she looked very/really beautiful in that dress and  asked from where she had bought it. Rita replied/answered Prakash/him that she had bought it online. Prakash again/further asked Rita/her howmuch she had paid for it, Rita replied/answered Prakash him that she had paid Rupees 2,000 for it.